1. We compare DNA to an encyplopedia (DNA =  ) that may not leave the public library. 1. How do you get the information out of the library? 2. Accordingly, what needs to happen for using genetic information in the cytoplasm?

2. Making a protein is like reading a library book. DNA  --------- Home- work Library Nucleus NeighborhoodCell Home Cytoplasm ? ? New Protein

3. Using the information encoded in the DNA: = “Protein Synthesis” = “Gene Expression” Producing Proteins!

4. From the DNA Code to the amino-acid sequence of a Protein Gene Expression Building the De-Coding Machine

5. Making a protein is like reading a library book. DNA  --------- Home- work Library Nucleus --------- NeighborhoodCell

6. Central Dogma of Molecular Biology: Information Flows in One Direction: DNA RNA Proteins. Transcription (Nucleus) Translation (Cytoplasm)

7. A. Keeping the DNA ‘encyclopedia’ safe in the nucleus. B. Copying only the necessary information (‘pages’). C. Only when the information is required. Transcription: A modified copy of the DNA

8. The Transcript: RNA RNA Transcription - from promoter to terminator Transcription Translation Lewport RNA Transcription - from promoter to terminator Compare Transcription to replication.. lPsCIECNE dna rEPLICATION

9. Compare DNA to RNA: DNA and RNA Bases:ACGTACGTACGUACGU ThymineUracil StructureDNARNA # of Strands:21 Sugar:Deoxy- Ribose Ribose

11. Making a protein is like reading a library book.  DNA = cytoplasm nucleus

13. The Gene Expression Machinery: A. Location in the cell B. Machine Parts C. Reading the Code

14. The Gene Expression Machinery: A. Location in the cell B. Machine Parts C. Reading the Code

15. The Gene Expression Machinery: A. Location in the cell B. Machine Parts – Transcription to RNA C. Reading the Code

16. The Gene Expression Machinery: A. Location in the cell B. Machine Parts – In The Ribosome C. Reading the Code Next…

17. How does it work?

18. AGCTOAAC BGCCPCCT CTGTQCAA DGATRCGT EGAASTCT FTTTTACT GGGTUACC HCATVGTT IATTWTGG JATCXCGC KAAAYTAT LTTAZTAC MTTGStartATG NAATStopTAG Building the Decoding Machine: ACGTTCCA ABCDEFGHIJKLMN