1. Atomic Theory Development DALTON Atom theory with hard spheres Experimental evidence Law of definite proportions BOHR e- energy levels CHADWICK neutron JJ THOMSON Subatomic particles Electron (mass and – charge) RUTHERFORD Atoms mostly empty space Dense nucleus in center Proton  + charge Democritus “atomos” de BROGLIE e- move in waves within energy levels

2. Who first coined the term atom? 1.Dalton 2.Democritus 3.Rutherford 4.Bohr 5.Thomson

3. Who stated that elements are made of atoms? 1.Dalton 2.Chadwick 3.Rutherford 4.Bohr 5.Thomson

4. Who used experimental results and the Law of Definite Proportions to develop their atomic theory? 1.Dalton 2.Chadwick 3.Rutherford 4.Bohr 5.Thomson

5. Who discovered the atom was divisible since it had subatomic particles? 1.Dalton 2.Chadwick 3.Rutherford 4.Bohr 5.Thomson

6. Who discovered the electron? 1.Dalton 2.Chadwick 3.Rutherford 4.Bohr 5.Thomson

7. Who discovered that atoms are mostly empty space? 1.Dalton 2.Chadwick 3.Rutherford 4.Bohr 5.Thomson

8. Who discovered that atoms have a dense centrally located nucleus in atoms ? 1.Dalton 2.Chadwick 3.Rutherford 4.Bohr 5.Thomson

9. Who discovered the proton in the nucleus? 1.Dalton 2.Chadwick 3.Rutherford 4.Bohr 5.Thomson

10. Who discovered the neutron? 1.Dalton 2.Chadwick 3.Rutherford 4.Bohr 5.Thomson

11. Who stated that electrons are located in fixed energy levels? 1.Dalton 2.Chadwick 3.Rutherford 4.Bohr 5.Thomson

12. Number VS Mass Atomic Number –# of protons in an atom Atomic Mass –# of protons and neutrons

13. C 12 6 Mass Number (# protons + # neutrons) Atomic Number (# protons) Chemical Symbol Mass # - Atomic # = neutron # 12 – 6 = 6 neutrons Aka C-12

14. Stop on yellow slides allowing students to work out all parts before going to answer slides

15. C 14 6 How many protons? How many electrons? How many neutrons? Draw an atomic model for this element?

16. C 14 6 How many protons? 6 How many electrons? How many neutrons? Draw an atomic model for this element?

17. C 14 6 How many protons? 6 How many electrons? 6 How many neutrons? Draw an atomic model for this element?

18. C 14 6 How many protons? 6 How many electrons? 6 How many neutrons? 14-6=8 Draw an atomic model? # valence e-?

19. C 14 6 How many protons? 6 How many electrons? 6 How many neutrons? 8 Draw an atomic model for this element? 2 4 # valence e-? 4

20. Li 7 3 How many protons? How many electrons? How many neutrons? Draw an atomic model for this element? # valence e-?

21. Li 7 3 How many protons? 3 How many electrons? 3 How many neutrons? 4 Draw an atomic model for this element? 21 # valence e-? 1

22. N -14 How many protons? How many electrons? How many neutrons? Draw an atomic model for this element? # valence e-?

23. N -14 How many protons? 7 = atomic number How many electrons? 7 How many neutrons? 14-7 Draw an atomic model for this element? 25 # valence e-? 5

24. Be use your periodic table How many protons? How many electrons? How many neutrons? Draw an atomic model for this element? # valence e-?

25. Be use your periodic table How many protons? 4 How many electrons? 4 How many neutrons? 9-4 = 5 Draw an atomic model? 2 # valence e-? 2

26. For atomic number 20 use your periodic table How many protons? How many electrons? How many neutrons? Draw an atomic model for this element? # valence e-?

27. For atomic number 20 use your periodic table How many protons? 20 How many electrons? 20 How many neutrons? 20 Draw an atomic model for this element? # valence e-? 2 2 8 8 2

28. U 238 How many protons? How many neutrons?

29. U 238 How many protons? 92 How many neutrons? 146

30. Boron-11 atomic number? 1.1 2.2 3.3 4.4 5.5 6.6 7.11

31. Boron-11 number of protons? 1.1 2.2 3.3 4.4 5.5 6.6 7.11

32. Boron-11 number of electrons? 1.1 2.2 3.3 4.4 5.5 6.6 7.11

33. Boron-11 number of neutrons? 1.1 2.2 3.3 4.4 5.5 6.6 7.11

34. Boron-11 number of energy levels? 1.1 2.2 3.3 4.4 5.5 6.6 7.11

35. Boron-11 number of electrons in the first energy level? 1.1 2.2 3.3 4.4 5.5 6.6 7.11

36. Boron-11 valence electrons? 1.1 2.2 3.3 4.4 5.5 6.6 7.11

37. Boron-11 most similar to ? 1.C 2.Be 3.Si 4.Al

38. ELECTRONS Charge: –1 Exact position can not be identified (cloud) Found in Orbitals within Energy Levels - 1 st orbital: 2 (1s) - 2 nd orbital: 8 (2s / 6p) - 3 rd orbital: 8 (2s / 6p ) - 4 th orbital: 18 (2s / 6p / (*3 rd -10d) - 5 th orbital: 18 (2s / 6p / (*4 th -10d)

39. Complete the energy levels … # of Protons? # electrons? # e’ in 1 st orbital? # e; in 2 nd orbital? # of valence e’ ? NITROGEN 7 7 2 5 5

40. Electrons / Energy Levels - closest to nucleus / lowest energy As electrons FALL BACK to a lower energy level – ENERGY is given off. Some energy levels can overlap – subdivided into orbitals

41. Imagine floor is magnetic and shoes repel. Paper could pass under shoes…. Sub microscopic world operates this way only it is ELECTRIC, not magnetic! Special Cases: nucleus of two atoms touch= thermal nuclear reaction. FISSION / FUSION

42. ISOTOPES Result when neutrons are added to an atom Vary in mass but are the same element because proton # is not changed

43. Atomic Mass Unit AMU –Is equal to 1/12 th of the mass of a carbon atom –1 AMU = isotope of carbon ( 6 protons / 6 neutrons) Average atomic mass – weighted avg.

44. Center of a atom, contains most of the atom’s mass 1.Proton 2.Neutron 3.Electron 4.Nucleus 5.Energy levels 6.Mass number 7.Electromagnetic force

45. Positively charged particle that exists in the nucleus of an atom. 1.Proton 2.Neutron 3.Electron 4.Nucleus 5.Energy levels 6.Mass number 7.Eelctromagnetic force

46. The least massive of the three subatomic particles which also carries an negative net charge. 1.Proton 2.Neutron 3.Electron 4.Nucleus 5.Energy levels 6.Mass number 7.Electromagnetic force

47. Particle with no charge that exists in the nucleus of an atom 1.Proton 2.Neutron 3.Electron 4.Nucleus 5.Energy levels 6.Mass number 7.Electromagnetic force

48. Describes how electrons are arranged around an atom 1.Proton 2.Neutron 3.Electron 4.Nucleus 5.Energy levels 6.Mass number 7.Electromagnetic force

49. The force that holds the atom together is called 1.Proton 2.Neutron 3.Electron 4.Nucleus 5.Energy levels 6.Mass number 7.Electromagnetic force

50. The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom 1.Proton 2.Neutron 3.Electron 4.Nucleus 5.Energy levels 6.Mass number 7.Electromagnetic force

51. Na atomic number? 1.1 2.2 3.3 4.4 5.5 6.6 7.11

52. Na-23 number of protons? 1.1 2.2 3.3 4.4 5.5 6.6 7.11

53. Na number of electrons? 1.1 2.2 3.3 4.4 5.5 6.6 7.11

54. Na number of neutrons? 1.10 2.12 3.3 4.2 5.5 6.6 7.11

55. Na number of energy levels? 1.1 2.2 3.3 4.4 5.5 6.6 7.11

56. Na number of electrons in the first energy level? 1.1 2.2 3.3 4.4 5.6 6.8 7.11

57. Na number of electrons in the second energy level? 1.1 2.2 3.3 4.4 5.6 6.8 7.11

58. Na valence electrons? 1.1 2.2 3.3 4.4 5.5 6.6 7.11

59. Na most similar to ? 1.Ne 2.K 3.Mg