1. Ch. 12-3 The Cold War Expands

2. The Arms Race Heightens Tensions September 2, 1949 B-52 near Alaska detected radiation We then knew the Soviets had set off an nuclear weapon

3. Communist Advances Shock the Nation The news of the bomb, shook the U.S. We thought the Soviets were years away from a bomb U.S. no longer had a monopoly China then fell to communist

4. Nuclear Arsenals Expand Truman ordered the creation of a hydrogen bomb 1,000 times stronger then a atomic bomb Stockpiles were created Thought of mutually assured destruction Would keep either side from using the bombs

5. Eisenhower Introduces New Policies Agreed in keeping communism secluded John Foster Dulles (Secretary of State) Helped organize the UN Disliked the little fights the U.S. had been in Refused to let the U.S. get “pulled” in by the Soviets

6. Eisenhower Favors Massive Retaliation Eisenhower preferred building Planes, missiles, and submarines Felt if there was a major war, it would be nuclear Wanted to provide a “bigger bang for the buck” Cut about 15 billion dollars 1954 Dulles announced massive retaliation

7. Stalin’s Death Eases Tensions March 5, 1953 Joseph Stalin died Nikita Khrushchev as new head of the Soviet Union Not as cruel as Stalin July 1955 Khrushchev met with Eisenhower Met in Geneva, Switzerland A small step forward Nothing significant took place

8. The Cold War Goes Global Soviet Union no free elections In any area it controlled Continued to try and spread communism Dulles talked of scaling back communism

9. Unrest Explodes Behind the Iron Curtain Places like Poland, Hungary, and Czechoslovakia resented the Soviets Polish workers rioted against Soviet rule Won greater control of their government Hungarian workers and students held demonstrations Khrushchev responded brutally Many executed 1956 Olympic Games (Water Polo) “Blood in the water match”

10. The U.S. Defuses the Suez Crisis Gamal Abdel Nasser (Egypt) Wanted to build a dam at Aswan U.S. to fund He talked with the Soviets U.S. withdrew offer Planned to close off the Suez canal Would hurt the flow of oil Britain and France to force use U.S. did not help Eisenhower was mad, refused to give Britain and France oil

11. Eisenhower Promises Strong Action 1957 Eisenhower Doctrine U.S. use force to help Middle Eastern nations Against communism 1958 sent troops to Lebanon Used the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) against communism 1953 helped install a new Iranian government 1954 Same in Guatemala Created long-term resentment against U.S.

12. The Cold War Blasts Off Into Space October 4, 1957 Soviets launched a steel ball with a transmitter into space Sputnik 1 Then launched a satellite with a dog named Laika into orbit Congress spent 1 billion of National Defense Education Act Teach and study sciences Created National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)

13. Reflections Reflect on the meeting between Khrushchev and Eisenhower, what would each man have made his priority during their meeting? 1/2 page Write a persuasive 1 page reflection, convincing the US government to create more nuclear weapons or 1 page reflection convincing them to stop creation of nuclear weapons. In the 1950s.