1. U-shaped plan of commercial- residential building in Bhuj

2. Open ground story collapse of short wing of same building

3. Shear cracking in infill masonry in weak cement mortar and sandstone blocks

4. Collapse of a partially open ground story building in Bhuj, coupled with vertical split of the building at midline

5. Collapse of the upper stories of this Gandhidham apartment building was due to plan irregularity

6. Collapse of corner owing to failure of diaphragm at the reentrant

7. damage to perimeter columns of building with varying lateral

8. Damage to small service water tank on top of RC frame building

9. Open ground story buildings with masonry infills only in the upper stories are subject to severe deformation demands on ground story columns.

10. Shear cracking of non-ductile columns of an open ground story building in Bhuj

11. RC elevator cores saved many buildings with open ground stories

12. RC columns sustained severe damage. Shutters were down at the time of the earthquake

13. Many open ground story buildings did not collapse, but sustained severe damage to the columns in the ground story

14. Shear failures in columns due to inadequate confinement reinforcement

15. Intermediate story collapse in the 6 story building in Bhuj