1. ROMAN EMPIRE 31 B.C. – 476 A.D.

2. Brief Timeline 753 B.C. – Origination of Rome 753 B.C. – Origination of Rome The rule of the Etruscan Kings 509 B.C. – Establishment of the Roman Republic 509 B.C. – Establishment of the Roman Republic 264 – 146 B.C. – Punic Wars 264 – 146 B.C. – Punic Wars 100 B.C. – Julius Caesar was born 100 B.C. – Julius Caesar was born Fall of the Roman Republic Fall of the Roman Republic 44 B.C. – 44 B.C. – Caesar assassination 31 B.C. – Augustus Caesar seized power - creation of the Roman Empire 31 B.C. – Augustus Caesar seized power - creation of the Roman Empire

3. The Emperor Augustus ► Augustus ruled from 27 B.C. to 14 A.D. ► He re-established political and social stability that launched two centuries of peace and prosperity called the ► He re-established political and social stability that launched two centuries of peace and prosperity called the Pax Romana - Roman Peace. ► He was the first “Roman Emperor.”

4. Pax Romana 200 years of peace and prosperity under imperial rule. Expansion and solidification of Roman Empire, particularly in the Near East.

5. Augustus This statue of marble, from a bronze original, was constructed for the villa of his wife Livia in Porta Prima. It shows Augustus as a young military commander, perhaps modeled after Alexander.

6. Moral Reform   Augustus believed that political corruption in the late Republic was connected to moral decline – too many divorces and extramarital affairs.   He passed legislation to encourage marriage and childbearing.   Adultery became a criminal offense – even Augustus’ daughter Julia was exiled from Rome forever for committing adultery.

7. “I found Rome a city of brick and left it a city of marble.” Most famous quotation of Augustus Caesar. (He was a great builder)

8. Temple of the Divine Julius Augustus built this temple to glorify Julius Caesar, who had been made a god by the Senate. Augustus built this temple to glorify Julius Caesar, who had been made a god by the Senate. The temple is on the site where Caesar’s body was cremated. The temple is on the site where Caesar’s body was cremated.

9. Temple of Mars Ultor  Augustus built this temple to the god Mars, the avenger, after the deaths of Caesar’s assassins.  The temple was completed in 2 B.C.

10. Theatre of Marcellus This theater was begun by Julius Caesar and completed by Augustus between 11-13 A.D. It is the one ancient theater left standing in Rome.

11. The Legacy of Augustus  As a result of his long reign, Augustus left a legacy of peace and prosperity to the Roman people (Pax Romana).  His new political system, the Roman Empire, would remain highly successful for the next 200 years.  Only in the third and fourth centuries A.D. did instability and decline set in.

12. The Roman Empire during the Reign of Augustus

13. Impact of the Pax Romana Economic impact: – –Established uniform system of money (common coinage), which helped to expand trade. – –Guaranteed safe travel and trade on Roman roads. – –Promoted prosperity and stability. Social impact: – –Returned stability to social classes. – –Increased emphasis on the family. Political impact: – –Created civil service. – –Developed a uniform rule of law.