1. Ancient Rome

2. The Roman Republic (509-27 B.C.E) Rome initially was a Republic-people vote for their leaders The Republic expanded over time Its geographic location allowed Rome to control the Mediterranean Punic Wars (264-146 B.C.E)-Rome v. Carthage (Rome won)

3. The Roman Empire (27 B.C.E-476 C.E) The Republic eventually collapsed because of economic turmoil and civil war The Roman Empire-territory ruled by an emperor; makes decisions faster; for life. Julius Caesar-great military general who took control of Rome (44 B.C.E) and helped the poor; murdered by the Senate Augustus-First Emperor of the Roman Empire (27 B.C.E- 14 C.E); made many reforms Pax Romana (27 B.C.E-180 C.E.)-207 year period of peace and prosperity in Rome.

4. The Rise and Spread of Christianity Rome was originally polytheistic In Judea around 6-4 B.C.E, Jesus was born. At age 30, Jesus spread his teachings across Judea. Romans feared and resented Jesus because Christians would not worship Roman gods. Jesus was crucified in Jerusalem After his death, Christianity spread across the Empire: – Good Roads – Idea of love for all people – Promise of eternal life Emperor Constantine-made Christianity an accepted religion in 313 C.E.

5. The Fall of the Western Roman Empire Following the Pax Romana, Rome had many problems: Political – Diocletian split the empire into two halves; the East thrived for centuries after Social – Disloyalty, corruption, rich v. poor, population decline Economic – Inflation, food shortage, high taxes, trade disrupted, loss of gold and silver Military – Attacks from Germanic Tribes, low funds, decline in patriotism

6. The Legacy of Rome Greco-Roman Culture-the mixing of Greek and Roman cultures. – Language, architecture, Gods Classical Civilization- Influenced modern-day countries (art, philosophy, government, literature, architecture) Republican Government Latin Language Arches, arenas Accurate 365 day calendar Law

7. 1. What was Alexander the Great’s lasting legacy?

8. 2. What type of government developed in Athens?

9. 3. What type of government did the Romans give the United States?

10. 4. Who was the first emperor of the Roman Empire?

11. 5. What was the 207 year time period of peace called during the Roman Empire?

12. 6. Why did the Romans resent Jesus?

13. 7. Who united Greece for the first time?

14. 8. Who was the great military general of Rome who helped the poor?

15. 9. What did Sparta emphasize?

16. 10. What city did Rome fight in the Punic Wars?