1. 1 Energy Flow in an Ecosystem

2. 2 Energy Flow Energy in an ecosystem originally comes from the sunEnergy in an ecosystem originally comes from the sun Energy flows through Ecosystems from producers to consumersEnergy flows through Ecosystems from producers to consumers –Producers (make food) –Consumers (use food by eating producers or other consumers) 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + sunlight & chlorophyll  C6H 12 O 6 + 6O 2

3. 3 Begins with the SUNBegins with the SUN PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + sunlight & chlorophyll  C6H 12 O 6 + 6O 2

4. 4 Producers Sunlight is the main source of energy for most life on earth.Sunlight is the main source of energy for most life on earth. Producers contain chlorophyll & can use energy directly from the sunProducers contain chlorophyll & can use energy directly from the sun

5. 5 Autotrophs An Autotroph is any organism that can produce its own food supply!An Autotroph is any organism that can produce its own food supply! Autotrophs are also called ProducersAutotrophs are also called Producers Plants, algae, some protists, & some bacteria are examplesPlants, algae, some protists, & some bacteria are examples

6. 6 Niche of a Producer Captures energy and transforms it into organic, stored energy for the use of living organisms.Captures energy and transforms it into organic, stored energy for the use of living organisms. May be photoautotrophs using light energy (e.g. plants)May be photoautotrophs using light energy (e.g. plants) May be chemoautotrophs using chemical energy (e.g. archaebacteria)May be chemoautotrophs using chemical energy (e.g. archaebacteria)

7. 7 Photoautotroph Producer That Captures Energy from the sun by: –Photosynthesis Adds Oxygen to the atmosphereAdds Oxygen to the atmosphere Removes Carbon Dioxide from the AtmosphereRemoves Carbon Dioxide from the Atmosphere Algae

8. 8 On LandOn Land –Plants In The SeaIn The Sea –Algae Tidal Flats & Salt MarshesTidal Flats & Salt Marshes –Cyanobacteria Habitat of Photoautotrophs

9. 9 Chemoautotrophs Capture energy from the bonds of inorganic molecules such as Hydrogen SulfideCapture energy from the bonds of inorganic molecules such as Hydrogen Sulfide Process is called ChemosynthesisProcess is called Chemosynthesis Often occurs in deep sea vents or gut of animalsOften occurs in deep sea vents or gut of animals Called a Black smoker (thermal vent)

10. 10 Tube Worms living in Black Smoker

11. 11 Consumers Heterotrophs eat other organisms to obtain energy. (e.g. animals) HerbivoresHerbivores –Eat Only Plants CarnivoresCarnivores –Eat Only Other Animals

12. 12 Consumers Heterotrophs eat other organisms to obtain energy. Omnivores (Humans)Omnivores (Humans) –Eat Plants & Animals Detritivores (Scavengers)Detritivores (Scavengers) –Feed On Dead Plant & Animal Remains (buzzards) DecomposersDecomposers –Fungi & Bacteria

13. 13 Feeding Relationships Energy flows through an ecosystem in one direction from producers to various levels of consumers

14. 14 Feeding Relationships Food ChainFood Chain –Simple Energy path through an ecosystem, starts with the sun Food WebFood Web –More realistic path through an ecosystem made of many food chains interconnected

15. 15 Food Chain Producer ( trapped sunlight & stored food) 1 st order Consumer 2 nd Order Consumer 3 rd Order consumer 4 th Order Consumer

16. 16 Food Chains Show Available Energy

17. 17 More Food Chains

18. 18 Name the Producer, Consumers & Decomposers in this food chain:

19. 19

20. 20 Food Web

21. 21

22. 22 How Many Chains are in this web?

23. 23 Identify the Producers, Consumers, & Decomposers: Count the Food Chains!

24. 24 Trophic Levels Each Level In A Food Chain or Food Web is a Trophic Level. ProducersProducers –Always The First Trophic Level –How Energy Enters The System HerbivoresHerbivores –Second Trophic Level

25. 25 Trophic Levels Carnivores/OmnivoresCarnivores/Omnivores –Make Up The Remaining Trophic Levels Each level depends on the one below it for energy.

26. 26 Ecological Pyramids Graphic Representations Of The Relative Amounts of Energy or Matter At Each Trophic Level May be: Energy Pyramid Biomass Pyramid Pyramid of Numbers

27. 27 Energy Pyramid

28. 28

29. 29 Biomass Pyramid

30. 30 Pyramid of Numbers

31. 31