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Locations Efaw Lake Carl Blackwell Haskell Years2005, 2006 Objectives: 1)To determine the minimum preplant N fertilizer needed to achieve maximum yield.

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Presentation on theme: "Locations Efaw Lake Carl Blackwell Haskell Years2005, 2006 Objectives: 1)To determine the minimum preplant N fertilizer needed to achieve maximum yield."— Presentation transcript:

1 Locations Efaw Lake Carl Blackwell Haskell Years2005, 2006 Objectives: 1)To determine the minimum preplant N fertilizer needed to achieve maximum yield if sidedress N fertilizer is applied later in the season. 2) To determine how late sidedress N can be applied without decreasing grain yields. Effect of Delayed Nitrogen Fertilization on Corn Grain Yields

2 TreatmentPreplant N fertilizer application Sidedress N fertilizer application N rate (kg ha -1 ) Growth stage 100- 2900- 31800- 4090V6 50180V6 6090V10 70180V10 8090VT 90180VT 1090 V6 1190 V10 1290 VT 1345 V10 1445 V6

3 Grain yield as a function of N application timing LCB, 2005 SED = 0.6

4 Grain yield as a function of N application timing LCB, 2006 SED = 2.0

5 NUE as a function of N application timing LCB, 2005

6 NUE as a function of N application timing LCB, 2006

7 Conclusions  Grain yields decreased when no preplant N was applied and sidedress N was delayed until VT  Recommend preplant N followed by N application at or before V10.  Window of opportunity for mid-season N application: V6 – V10.  Grain yields decreased when no preplant N was applied and sidedress N was delayed until VT  Recommend preplant N followed by N application at or before V10.  Window of opportunity for mid-season N application: V6 – V10.

8 Location Lake Carl Blackwell Years2006 Objectives: 1) To establish the amount of nitrogen accumulated in corn over the entire growing season under different levels of N fertilizer. Aboveground N Accumulation as Function of Time in Corn

9 Nitrogen Uptake of Corn at Different Growth Stages at Lake Carl Blackwell, 2006.

10 Summary  Maximum N uptake occurred at growth stages V12 from treatments receiving N fertilizer.  N uptake continued to increase until VT in plots receiving no fertilizer N.  Maximum N uptake occurred at growth stages V12 from treatments receiving N fertilizer.  N uptake continued to increase until VT in plots receiving no fertilizer N.

11 Locations Lake Carl Blackwell Efaw Years2005, 2006 Objectives: 1) To determine corn grain yield reduction as a function of interplant competition arising from delayed emergence. 2) To evaluate yield levels associated with 3 plant sequences, with and without delayed emergence. Effect of Delayed Emergence on Corn Grain Yields

12 Treatment Delay in planting N rate, kg ha -1 1 All 3 plants planted on the same day 0 2 56 3 Middle plant planted 2 days late 56 4 Middle plant planted 5 days late 56 5 Middle plant planted 8 days late 56 6 Middle plant planted 12 days late 56 7 All 3 plants planted on the same day 168 8 Middle plant planted 2 days late 168 9 Middle plant planted 5 days late 168 10 Middle plant planted 8 days late 168 11 Middle plant planted 12 days late 168 XXXXOXXXXXXXXOXXXXXXXXOXXXXXXXXOXXXXXXXXOXXXXXXXXOXXXXXXXXOXXXXXXXXOXXXXXXXXOXXXXXXXXOXXXX

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19 Conclusions Delayed emergence reduces corn grain yields Greater than 5 days delay - significant yield reduction (homogeneity of plant stands) There was a linear reduction in yield with each day of delayed planting Plants delayed by 2,5, and 8 days continued to compete with border plants. By 12 days these plants competed less with border plants. Delayed emergence reduces corn grain yields Greater than 5 days delay - significant yield reduction (homogeneity of plant stands) There was a linear reduction in yield with each day of delayed planting Plants delayed by 2,5, and 8 days continued to compete with border plants. By 12 days these plants competed less with border plants.

20 Effect of Altered Nitrogen Distribution on Corn Grain Yield LocationsLake Carl Blackwell Efaw Years2005, 2006 Objectives To determine the application resolution at which N competition influences corn grain yield 1) To determine the application resolution at which N competition influences corn grain yield 2)To determine the N application resolution at which corn grain yields are maximized. 2)To determine the N application resolution at which corn grain yields are maximized.

21 Treatment Structure TrtPlant Distance (cm) Preplant N kg ha -1 Sidedress* N Distribution Application Scenario 1180Check, 0 Preplant and Sidedress N 21845By-plant 31845Every 2 plants 41845Every 3 plants 51845Middle of the row 61845Distributed in the entire row 71845Check, 0 Sidedress N 8110Check, 0 Preplant and Sidedress N 91145By-plant 101145Every 2 plants 11 45Every 3 plants 121145Middle of the row 131145Distributed in the entire row 14110Check, 0 Sidedress N * 62 kg ha -1 for dryland and 123 kg ha -1 for irrigated

22 Sidedress N Distribution Scenarios Distributed in the Entire Row Center Plant of the Row By-Plant

23 Grain Yield at LCB, 2005 and 2006 TrtDistance, cm ScenarioTotal N Appiled Kg ha -1 Grain Yield, Mg ha-1 20052006 118-012.94.0 218By-plant16815.07.2 318Every 2 plants168.4.3 418Every 3 plants16815.24.6 518Middle row16815.15.5 618Distributed16813.58.2 718-4512.95.6 828-016.13.8 928By-plant16816.25.5 1028Every 2 plants168.6.7 1128Every 3 plants16818.85.5 1228Middle row16815.34.4 1328Distributed16815.64.0 1428-4515.55.4

24 Grain Yield at Efaw, 2005 and 2006 TrtDistance, cm ScenarioTotal N Appiled Kg ha -1 Grain Yield, Mg ha-1 20052006 118-03.14.7 218By-plant1078.36.1 318Every 2 plants107.8.8 418Every 3 plants1078.89.5 518Middle row1078.29.2 618Distributed10710.09.8 718-455.06.1 828-03.34.2 928By-plant1077.88.4 1028Every 2 plants1076.98.2 1128Every 3 plants1077.89.5 1228Middle row1076.07.3 1328Distributed1077.49.3 1428-455.25.7

25 Evaluating Nitrogen Competition Across Rows in Corn LocationsLake Carl Blackwell Years2005, 2006 Objective To evaluate alternate row N placement on corn grain yield.

26 Treatment Structure TrtSidedress N Applied kg ha -1 Row Sequence (1-2-3-4-5) 1134-134-134-0-0 2100-100-100-0-0 367-67-67-0-0 434-34-34-0-0 5134-134-0-0-0 6134-134-34-0-0 7134-134-67-0-0 80-0-67-0-0 90-0-0-0-0 10134-134-134-134-134 11134-134-0-134-0

27 Grain Yield, 2005 and 2006 TrtSidedress N Applied kg ha -1 Row Sequence (1-2-3-4-5) Grain Yield, Mg ha -1 2005 2006 1134-134-134-0-09.55.7 2100-100-100-0-09.14.5 367-67-67-0-09.24.1 434-34-34-0-08.23.0 5134-134-0-0-09.03.3 6134-134-34-0-010.54.0 7134-134-67-0-09.35.7 80-0-67-0-06.64.7 90-0-0-0-07.74.5 10134-134-134-134-13410.85.6 11134-134-0-134-010.85.2

28 Figure 1. Grain yield of corn plants where sidedress N fertilizer was applied in the first 3 rows only, 2005. First 3 Rows FertilizedLast 2, 0-N

29 Figure 2. Grain yield of corn plants where sidedress N fertilizer was applied in the first 3 rows only, 2006. First 3 Rows Fertilized Last 2 Rows, 0-N

30 Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer Rate and Placement on Corn Grain Yield LocationsLake Carl Blackwell Haskell Year2006 Objectives 1) To evaluate the use of directed stream application at the base of the plant using UAN versus dribble surface bands applied in the middle of the row. 2) To evaluate the use of directed stream application at the base of the plant, and by-plant using UAN versus dribble surface bands applied in the middle of the row.

31 Treatment Structure TrtPre-plant kg ha-1 Sidedress (V8-V10) kg ha -1 Method 14020By plant at base 24020By row at base 34020DSB at center 440 By plant at base 540 By row at base 640 DSB at center 74080By plant at base 84080By row at base 94080DSB at center 1040160By plant at base 1140160By row at base 1240160DSB at center 1300- 14400- 152000-

32 Corn grain yield at LCB and Haskell, 2005 and 2006 TrtTotal N Applied kg ha -1 MethodGrain Yield, Mg ha -1 Lake Carl Blackwell 2005 2006 Haskell 2005 2006 160By plant at base9.24.84.12.9 260By row at base9.84.23.83.3 360DSB at center9.75.13.63.2 480By plant at base10.25.03.83.6 580By row at base10.24.53.63.0 680DSB at center105.23.63.1 7120By plant at base9.84.43.52.8 8120By row at base10.14.433.5 9120DSB at center104.43.63.5 10200By plant at base9.44.03.62.7 11200By row at base9.24.03.83.1 12200DSB at center9.85.23.43.1 130-92.72.93.2 1440-10.13.93.52.8 15200-10.73.63.22.4

33 Corn NUE% at LCB and Haskell, 2005 and 2006. Trt Total N Applied kg ha -1 MethodGrain NUE% Lake Carl Blackwell 2005 2006 Haskell 2005 2006 1 60By plant at base 538250 2 60By row at base 1827172 3 60DSB at center 1644140 4 80By plant at base 2032155 5 80By row at base 1925110 6 80DSB at center 1735110 7 120By plant at base 101570 8 120By row at base 121603 9 120DSB at center 111663 10 200By plant at base 3750 11 200By row at base 2750 12 200DSB at center 51430 130- - -- - 1440- 3433190 15200- 11520

34 CORN OFIT LocationsLake Carl Blackwell Efaw Perkins Year2004, 2005, 2006 Objectives 1) To determine the nitrogen fertilization optimization algorithm that will be used to estimate N rate for optimum corn growth. 2) To determine optimum resolution to treat field spatial variability in corn.

35 Treatment Structure TRT Preplant N kg ha -1 Mid-Season Sidedress Rate kg ha -1 Resolution m 2 100- 2067- 30134- 46767- 5670- 61340- 70 RICV- NFOA 0.34 867RICV-NFOA0.34 90 Flat RICV-NFOA - 1067 - 1167RICV-NFOA2.32 120RI-NFOA0.34 1367RI-NFOA0.34

36 Results TreatmentPreplant kg ha -1 Sidedress Grain Yield Mg ha -1 Nitrogen Use Efficiency % 200420052006200420052006200420052006 Check00009.56.25.6--- Common Flat Rate 6767676713.410.39.6485738 67-RICV67251275213.912.011.1315257 67-RICV flat 67251275213.311.510.3354948 67-RI6713662414.012.411.9777479 Common Flat Rate versus Algorithms at Efaw site from 2004-2006 With Preplant Nitrogen

37 Results TreatmentSidedress kg ha -1 Grain Yield Mg ha -1 Nitrogen Use Efficiency % 200420052006200420052006200420052006 Check0009.56.25.6--- Common Flat Rate 67676713.19.99.4716973 13413413411.810.28.8354434 0-RICV591005811.28.66.9325037 0-RICV flat 591005813.59.49.1505167 0-RI17664812.910.19.2797383 Common Flat Rates versus Algorithms at Efaw site from 2004-2006 Without Preplant Nitrogen

38 Results AlgorithmResolution m 2 Total N Applied Kg ha-1 Grain Yield Mg ha -1 Nitrogen Use Efficiency % 200420052006200420052006200420052006 Check-0009.56.25.6--- RICV-NFOA0.34251275213.912.011.1315257 RICV-NFOAflat251275213.311.510.3354948 RICV-NFOA2.32251325613.311.410.1354654 RI-NFOA0.3413662414.012.411.9777479 RICV- versus RI-NFOA at Efaw from 2004-2006. With Preplant N

39 Results TRTDescriptionTotal N Applied kg ha -1 Grain Yield Mg ha -1 NUE, % 1Check05.5- 2*CFR-topdress678.259 3*CFR-topdress1348.540 4*CFR-split1349.348 5*CFR-preplant678.056 6*CFR-preplant1349.144 7RICV-NFOA707.549 8RICV-NFOA1319.143 9Flat RICV-NFOA707.851 10Flat RICV-NFOA1318.942 11RICV-NFOA-2.321338.846 12RI-NFOA638.363 13RI-NFOA1249.656 On-average * CFR : Common Flat Rate

40 Summary  NUE was generally higher when mid- season N rates were generated by NFOA compared with flat farmer rates.  Increased NUE was attributed to the lower N rates applied.  NUE was generally higher when mid- season N rates were generated by NFOA compared with flat farmer rates.  Increased NUE was attributed to the lower N rates applied.

41 Summary  Use of RI NFOA resulted in a higher increase in NUE than RICV NFOA.  There was limited benefit of treating spatial variability at the high resolution (0.34 m 2, RICV algorithm).  NFOA approaches didn’t project high N rates that did not affect increased yields.  Use of RI NFOA resulted in a higher increase in NUE than RICV NFOA.  There was limited benefit of treating spatial variability at the high resolution (0.34 m 2, RICV algorithm).  NFOA approaches didn’t project high N rates that did not affect increased yields.

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