1. Warm-Up: Qualitative Analysis A solution is thought to contain calcium and silver. Design a procedure to determine which of these ions, if any, are present in the solution.

2. Solution Stoichiometry LG: I can use the amount concentration formula to apply stoichiometric calculations to solutions

3. Importance of Stoichiometry in Solutions Being able to predict the quantity of product or the quantity of reactants required is essential to the success of chemical processes. Example: ‘Barium meal’ is given to patients so that X-rays of the gastrointestinal tract may be taken. Barium ions are very toxic, so it is important that they are all consumed during the reaction BaCl 2(aq) + Na 2 SO 4(aq)  BaSO 4(s) + 2 NaCl (aq)

4. Importance of Stoichiometry in Solutions (cont) Solution stoichiometry is also used in quantitative analysis. Qualitative analysis determines whether a substance is present in solution, where quantitative analysis determines how much. Example: The reaction of ethanol (alchol) with dichromate ions in a solution of potassium dichromate can be used to establish blood alcohol concentrations. The more dichromate that reacts, the more alcohol that was present in the blood.

5. Example 1 – Barium Meal Preparation Determine the minimum volume of 0.42 mol/L sodium sulfate, Na 2 SO 4(aq), required to react with all of the barium ions in 500.0 mL of 0.100 mol/L barium chloride, BaCl 2,solution

6. Example 2 – Limiting Reagents What mass of precipitate is expected when 70.0 mL of 0.80 mol/L potassium hydroxide is added to 40.0 mL of 0.50 mol/L iron(III) nitrate solution? Fe(NO 3 ) 3(aq) + 3 KOH (aq)  Fe(OH) 3(s) + 3 KNO 3(aq)

7. Homework Pg. 449 #1, 2, 4, 5

8. More Solution Stoichiometry LG: I can use the amount concentration formula to apply stoichiometric calculations to solutions

9. Example 1 – Limiting Reagents Determine the theoretical yield of precipitate, in grams, when 160 mL of 1.25 mol/L sodium carbonate solution reacts with 4.54 L of 0.0875 mol/L copper (II) sulfate solution.

10. Example 2 – Amount Concentration of Ions Determine the amount concentrations of iron ions and nitrate ions in 40.0 mL of 0.50 mol/L iron(III) nitrate solution

11. Example 3 – Amount concentration of ions Determine the amount concentration of ammonium ions in 100.0 mL of a solution containing 14.4 g of ammonium carbonate.

12. Homework Pg. 449 # 8, 9 + Handout