1. WBC manual count using haemocytometer

2.  Introduction The blood consist of 3 type of specialized cellular elements:  Erythrocytes -RBCs  Leukocytes -WBCs  Platelets (thrombocytes). All various types of blood cells are produced in the bone marrow.

3.  WBCs count:  Is the count of leukocytes in a volume of blood, expressed as WBCs/cmm.  In a normal healthy individual WBC range 4.5- 11.0 x 10 3\ c.mm, this count varies with age.  WBC count is useful to indicate infections or may be employed to follow the progress of certain diseases.

4.  Objectives: To do total WBC count of a provided sample.  Material 1- Blood sample. 2- Turk's Diluting solution. Glacial acetic acid: 3ml. (to haemolyse RBC). Aqueous Gentian violet: 1ml (to color the nuclei of WBC. Distilled water 100ml. 3- WBCs diluting pipette. 4- Hemocytometer. 5- Microscope. 6- Lancet. 7- Alcohol 70%

5. The Hemacytometer  contains 2 Neubauer counting chamber  Each chamber contains: *4 WBC counting squares *Each contains 16 squares

6.  Methodology  draw blood up to 0.5 marks on WBCs pipette and complete to 11 with WBCs diluting solution.  Mix for 2-3 minute.

7. o Discard the first 4-5 drops o Place tip of the pipette at the edge central platform o Then let the hemacytometer to stand on the bench for 3-5 minute.

8.  Calculation  Total no. of WBC in the 4 squares /4 X20(dilution)X10(volume)

9.  Leukocytosis  Occur as an indicator of body defense against foreign materials (bacteria, parasites, toxins)  Metabolic disorders  Chemical and drug poisoning  Acute hemorrhage  Leukopenia Result from X-ray therapy Alcoholism Antibiotic therapy Typhoid infection Measles Infectious hepatitis TB cirrhosis of the liver

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