1. Population Pyramids
Global Geography 12

2. Population Pyramids
A graph that shows the age-sex composition of a population.

3. Cohorts
A specific portion of the population that is combined together in an age group for the purposes of simplifying a population pyramid. Five-year cohorts are commonly used in population pyramids.

4. 2 Types of Population Pyramids
1) Expansive:
An age-sex structure with a wide base and narrower top. This indicates a high birth rate and an expanding population.
2) Stationary:
An age-sex structure that indicates no or very little population growth. The pyramid is characterized by relatively straight sides.

5. What can we learn from Population Pyramids?
Economic Dependants
Baby Booms
Population Growth or Decline
Gender Imbalance

6. What happens next?

9. What is going to happen to Japan’s population in the future?

14. Demographic Transition Model

15. Demographic Transition Model
The DTM describes a sequence of changes in the relationships between births and death rates.
It suggests that the population growth rates for all countries can be divided into 5 stages.

16. Stage 1 – High Stationary
Birth Rate – Very High
Death Rate – Very High
Natural Increase – Population is steady
Example: No countries are currently in this stage. Isolated Brazilian tribes are often used an example.

18. Stage 2 – Early Expanding
Birth Rate – Very High
Death Rate – Falling Rapidly
Natural Increase – Very Rapid Increase
Example: Egypt, Kenya, India

20. Stage 3 – Late Expanding Birth Rate – Falling rapidly
Death Rate – Falling more slowly
Natural Increase – Rapid increase
Example: Brazil

22. Stage 4 – Low Stationary Birth Rate: Falling more slowly
Death Rate: Slight fall
Natural Increase: Very slow increase
Example: USA, Japan, France, UK

24. Stage 5 - Declining Birth Rate: Slight fall Death Rate: Stable
Natural Increase: Gentle decrease
Example: Germany (in the future)