1. Notes: 1. Extra Credit – Assignment 5 Due December 10 2. Last exam December 10 Announcement and instructions on Class communication page 3. Spatial Abilities test

2. 22 “Attention and Consciousness” Human Neuropsychology (486 / 686) Lecture Chapter 22.

3. Defining Attention and Consciousness Attention - Selective awareness of a part of the environment Attention - Selective awareness of a part of the environment - problems Consciousness – Global awareness Consciousness – Global awareness - levels of awareness

4. Attention Automatic Processing Automatic Processing - Bottom-up - Bottom-up - doesn’t require attention Conscious Processing Conscious Processing - Top-down - “controlled, effortful, attentive”

5. Treisman’s Model of Feature Search

6. Neurophysiological Evidence of Attention Effect of attention on neuronal activation Effect of attention on neuronal activation

7. Neurophysiological Evidence of Attention Divided Attention – Attention is a limited capacity that must be allocated Divided Attention – Attention is a limited capacity that must be allocated Selective Attention – Increased attention can change neuron response properties Selective Attention – Increased attention can change neuron response properties i.e. orientation tuning, firing rate

8. Neurophysiological Evidence of Attention Parallel processing - Parallel processing - Crossmodal - - Divided attention recruits frontal cortex

9. Functional Imaging Studies fMRI fMRI PET PET

10. Networks of Attention Two Attentional Systems Two Attentional SystemsPosterior: Parietal regions – Engage, Disengage and move attention from one location Temporal Regions - Detection of features and objects Anterior : Frontal Lobes – activate posterior attentional systems.

11. Inattention Inattentional Blindness – Inattentional Blindness – http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0AwwlJtnwA8 Change Blindness Change Blindness http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vBPG_OBgTWg&feature =related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vBPG_OBgTWg&feature =related http://www.psych.ubc.ca/~rensink/flicker/download/ http://www.cogsci.uci.edu/~ddhoff/cb.html Attentional Blink Attentional Blink http://www.cs.kent.ac.uk/people/rpg/pc52/AB_Webscript/bli nk.html http://www.cs.kent.ac.uk/people/rpg/pc52/AB_Webscript/bli nk.html

12. Consciousness Varies across the lifespan and varies across the day Varies across the lifespan and varies across the day Evolutionarily Adaptive Evolutionarily Adaptive Collection of processes - Arousal, Perception, Attention, Working Memory Collection of processes - Arousal, Perception, Attention, Working Memory Neural Correlates - Binding Problem Neural Correlates - Binding Problem Cortical connections Reentry and integration Neural Synchronization