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Published byJulia Webb Modified over 9 years ago
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AP Biology Nucleic Acids Information storage
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proteins DNA Nucleic Acids Function: genetic material stores information genes blueprint for building proteins DNA RNA proteins transfers information blueprint for new cells blueprint for next generation
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A A A A T C G C G T G C T
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Nucleic Acids Examples: RNA (ribonucleic acid) single helix DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) double helix Structure: monomers = nucleotides RNADNA
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Nucleotides 3 parts nitrogen base (C-N ring) pentose sugar (5C) ribose in RNA deoxyribose in DNA phosphate (PO 4 ) group Nitrogen base I’m the A,T,C,G or U part!
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Types of nucleotides 2 types of nucleotides different nitrogen bases purines double ring N base adenine (A) guanine (G) pyrimidines single ring N base cytosine (C) thymine (T) uracil (U)
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Nucleic polymer Backbone sugar to phosphate group (PO 4 ) bond phosphodiester bond strong covalent bonds between a phosphate group and 2 pentose sugars Formed by dehydration synthesis reaction Allows the polymer to grow in one direction N bases hang off the sugar-phosphate backbone
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Pairing of nucleotides Nucleotides bond between DNA strands H bonds purine :: pyrimidine A :: T 2 H bonds G :: C 3 H bonds
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DNA molecule Double helix Hydrogen bonds between nitrogenous bases join the 2 strands A :: T C :: G Significance of H Bonds: Weak (easily broken) Thus, they are susceptible to enzymes in both building and breaking bonds. The DNA molecule itself is negatively charged…this will come up later.
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Directionality Anti-Parallel Flip flopped arrangement The numbered carbon atoms in the nucleotide sugar- ring gives rise to a 5'-end and a 3'-end (pronounced "five prime end" and "three prime end").
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Interesting note… ATP Adenosine triphosphate ++ modified nucleotide adenine (AMP) + P i + P i
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