1. Canada and the United Nations Persian Gulf War (1990-1991) Presented by Kohun, Riley and Justine

2. What Caused The War? Iraqi invasion in Kuwait Led by Saddam Hussein Accused Kuwait of siphoning oil from the Ar- Rumaylah oil fields located along their common border. on August 2, 1990 ordered the invasion of Kuwait. Saudi Arabia and Kuwait government asked U.S. and members of the NATO for support.

3. What Was The Allied Response? United Nations demanded to withdraw and threatened economic sanctions if it refused. -Insisted the military force to be used to expel Iraqi forces. -Authorized a multinational force against an aggressor nation. -Joined by a coalition of forces from 35 other countries. -Sent the first U.S. Air Force fighter planes in Saudi Arabia -In Jan 17, 1991, U.S and coalition forces bombarded targets. -the coalition effort/code name = Operation Desert Storm -used “smart” weapons ( laser-guided bombs, cruise missiles) By Feburary 27, the Iraqis were overcome by the forces -Destroyed the Iraqi fighting force and most of the infrastructure. - The coalition won a stunning victory, with only a few casualties.

4. How Did Canada Involve In The War? Canada’s role in the war Air operations -provided combat air patrols in the north and central Gulf. -For the first time since the Korean War, Canadian air-to-surface attacks took place during the conflict. Canadian Field Hospital -Canadian Field Hospital from Petawawa, Ontario, joined the British land forces and was deployed in the Saudi Arabian desert. Air transport operations - Air Command’s Transport Group provided personnel and cargo transport. Provided two destroyers, a supply ship, and hundreds of military personnel. A considerable debate in Parliament was held despite its modest contribution before sending the forces into combat. P.M. Mulroney emphasized that Canada made its commitment to enforce UN resolutions against Iraq, not merely to support the U.S. Not a single Canadian soldier was killed or injured.

5. What Was The Aftermath of The War? After victory in the Gulf War, U.S. President George H.W. Bush proclaimed a “new world order” -UN would take a much more active role as a global police force. -Where necessary, use military force to preserve long-term peace and security. -U.S. would take a lead in this peacemaking role as the only remained superpower. Uprisings in the South and North of Iraq against Hussein. -U.S. failed to support the uprisings with the fear of dissolving Iraqi state if they succeeded. Iraq refused to carry out peace terms specifically U.N. weapons inspections - steadfastly refused to admit weapons inspectors U.S. and British aircraft continued to patrol skies and mandate a no-fly zone over Iraq. - Iraqi force regularly exchanged fire with U.S. and British aircraft over the no-fly zone.

6. What Was The Aftermath of The War? Canada’s role after the war Canadian troops remained in the region as part of the UN peacekeeping mission along the Iraq-Kuwait border. -monitored the demilitarized zone between the two countries. -investigated cease-fire violations and clearing land mines. Canada took a role in the special commission to seek out Iraq's biological, chemical and nuclear weapons production facilities. On the Water -Canadian warships participated in Multinational Interception Force operation. -helped to enforce the economic sanctions imposed against Iraq after the Gulf War.

7. The Second Gulf War The Iraq War U.N. weapons inspectors reentered Iraq. -Different opinion between the Security Council member states over how well Iraq had complied with those inspections On March 17,2003, Bush issued an ultimatum demanding Hussein to step down from his power. -Hussein refused. U.S. decided to invade Iraq to “disarm Iraq of weapons of mass destruction (WMD).” -Joined by forces from Britain, Australia, and Poland. The war was not supported by a broad coalition of nations - Canadian government was not convinced that the Iraqis had or ready to use weapons of mass destruction and did not support the war. No WMD were found in Iraq. Iraq was defeated and occupied by the U.S. and Britain with some contingents from other countries.

8. Moving on… Let’s test how well you know