1. Cell Division/Reproduction (Mitosis and Meiosis) Practice Test

2. Match the Diagram with the caption C BA F D E The cytoplasm pinches in half. The chromosomes uncoil back into chromatin. ANSWER: C What is the name of this phase??? ANSWER: Cytokinesis

3. Match the Diagram with the caption C BA F D E Two new nuclear envelopes start to form around the chromosomes in opposite ends of the cell ANSWER: B What is the name of this phase??? ANSWER: Telophase

4. Match the Diagram with the caption C BA F D E Sister chromatids are pulled apart by the spindle ANSWER: E What is the name of this phase??? ANSWER: Anaphase

5. Match the Diagram with the caption C BA F D E The spindle attaches to the centromere and the chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell. ANSWER: F What is the name of this phase? ANSWER: Metaphase

6. Match the Diagram with the caption C BA F D E Chromatin condenses into chromosomes, the nuclear envelope breaks down, and the spindle forms ANSWER: A What is the name of this phase??? ANSWER: Prophase

7. Match the Diagram with the caption C BA F D E The cell grows and copies its DNA ANSWER: D What is the name of this part of the cell cycle? ANSWER: Interphase

8. True or False Sexual reproduction requires two parent cells ANSWER: True

9. True or False The offspring of an organism that reproduces asexually is identical to the parent ANSWER: True

10. True or False Loose strands of DNA and proteins are called chromatin ANSWER: True

11. True or False The place where two sister chromatids attach is called the centriole ANSWER: False The place where two sister chromatids attach is called the CENTROMERE

12. True or False Adults have the same number of cells as babies, but the adults’ are bigger ANSWER: False Our cells cannot grow bigger, therefore when an organism grows it is because it make more cells, not bigger cells

13. Answer the questions for both Mitosis and Meiosis How many cells made? MITOSIS: 2 cells are made from 1 MEIOSIS: 4 cells are made from 1

14. Answer the questions for both Mitosis and Meiosis What types of cells are made? Identical or Different MITOSIS: Identical Cells are made MEIOSIS: Different Cells are made

15. Answer the questions for both Mitosis and Meiosis What kind of cells are made? Body cells or Gametes MITOSIS: Body cells MEIOSIS: Gametes

16. Answer the questions for both Mitosis and Meiosis What kind of reproduction occurs? Asexual or Sexual MITOSIS: Asexual MEIOSIS: Sexual

17. Why is it necessary for sex cells to have half the number of chromosomes as body cells? Because if they didn’t have half the number of chromosomes, after fertilization, the resulting new individual would have too many chromosomes An individual with too many chromosomes will either NOT survive or will have severe genetic defects

18. How does prophase of mitosis differ from prophase 1 of meiosis? In Prophase of meiosis homologous chromosomes pair up and cross over This does not happen in prophase of mitosis

19. How does metaphase of mitosis differ from metaphase 1 of meiosis In metaphase of mitosis the chromosomes line up in a straight line in the middle to the cell In metaphase 1 of meiosis, chromosome pairs line up in the middle of the cell

20. Which phase of meiosis is most important (crucial) in making genetically different sex cells? Prophase of meiosis is most important in making genetically different sex cells Because this is the phase where crossing over occurs

21. If a body cell of a creature has 20 chromosomes, then how many chromosomes would that creature’s sex cells have? 10 chromosomes Because sex cells only contain half the number of chromosomes of regular body cells (somatic cells)

22. If a frog’s egg cell has 10 chromosomes, how many chromosomes would be in the body cells of the same frog? 20 chromosomes An egg cell is a sex cell, therefore it only contains half the number or regular body cells (somatic cells),

23. How many chromosomes do “normal” humans have in their body cells? 46 chromosomes This is the diploid number for humans

24. How many chromosomes do “normal” humans have in their sex cells? 23 chromosomes Sex cells only contain half the number of chomosomes as normal body cells (somatic cells)

25. another word for sex cells Gamete

26. a male sex cell sperm

27. a female sex cell egg

28. the process of fusing a sperm with an egg to make a baby fertilization

29. the early, prenatal stages of a developing baby, right after egg and sperm fuse zygote

30. the number of chromosome pairs; half the number of chromosomes Haploid

31. the total number of individual chromosomes Diploid

32. In which stage do cells spend the most time? Interphase

33. Which of the following statements is NOT true? A. The advantage of sexual reproduction is that the offspring have variety in their DNA B. The advantage of asexual reproduction is that only one parent cell is needed C. The disadvantage of sexual reproduction is that 2 parent cells need to unite D. The disadvantage of asexual reproduction is that it takes time/effort to find a partner ANSWER: d Asexual reproduction does not take a lot of time or very much effort

34. Which of the following would have the highest rate of diffusion? A. a 0.5 cm cell B. a 0.25 cm cell C. a 0.125 cm cell D. a 0.0625 cm cell ANSWER: D Smaller cells have a larger surface area to volume ratio, therefore they have MORE surface available for diffusion

35. What kind of cells would be made in cell division process D? A. body cells B. sperm or eggs C. eye cells D. all of the above Cell Division Process Number of daughter cells made Original CellDaughter Cells D4 diploid (8 chromosomes) haploid (4 chromosomes) E2 diploid (8 chromosomes) diploid (8 chromosomes) Table 1 ANSWER: B Sperm or eggs would be made from this process because process D is meiosis which produces sex cells The fact that 4 haploid cells are made also indicate that sex cells are being produced because sex cells are haploid (contain half the number of chromosomes as body cells)

36. How many chromosomes would an adult fruit fly have in an eye cell? A. 2b. 4c. 8d. 16 Cell Division Process Number of daughter cells made Original CellDaughter Cells D4 diploid (8 chromosomes) haploid (4 chromosomes) E2 diploid (8 chromosomes) diploid (8 chromosomes) Table 1 ANSWER: C An adult fruit fly would have 8 chromosomes in an eye cell because an eye cell is a body cell (somatic cell) and body cells (somatic cells) contain the diploid number of chromosomes

37. What would happen if one of the daughter cells in process D had 5 chromosomes? A. The sex cell (daughter cell) would absolutely not survive. B. The eye cell (daughter cell) would not be able to “see”. C. If that sex cell (daughter cell) was used to make a fruit fly, the fruit fly may have genetic problems. D. None of the above is possible Cell Division Process Number of daughter cells made Original CellDaughter Cells D4 diploid (8 chromosomes) haploid (4 chromosomes) E2 diploid (8 chromosomes) diploid (8 chromosomes) Table 1 ANSWER: C Although the sex cell can survive with an extra chromosome, a new individual fruit fly may not be able to survive or may have genetic problems.

38. Animal Number of chromosomes in body cells Number of chromosomes in sex cells Bear2412 Deer126 Falcon105 Snake42 Unknown Cell A could be: A. only a body cell from a bear. B. only a body cell from a deer. C. only a sex cell from a bear. D. either a sex cell from a bear or a body cell from a deer. ANSWER: D Sample A has 12 chromosomes so it can either be a body cell of a deer (because the body cell of a deer has 12 chromosomes) or the sex cell of a bear (because the sex cell of a bear also has 12 chromosomes)

39. Animal Number of chromosomes in body cells Number of chromosomes in sex cells Bear2412 Deer126 Falcon105 Snake42 What cell is from the falcon? A. unknown Cell B B. unknown Cell C C. unknown Cell D D. None of the unknown cells are from the falcon. ANSWER: B Unknown Cell C MUST be the sex cell of a falcon because it contains 5 chromosomes (the table above shows that the sex cell of a falcon contains 5 chromosomes)

40. Animal Number of chromosomes in body cells Number of chromosomes in sex cells Bear2412 Deer126 Falcon105 Snake42 Cell B is a A. body cell from a bear. B. body cell from a snake. C. sex cell from a deer. D. sex cell from a snake.. ANSWER: B Unkown Cell B contains a total of 4 chromosomes; according to the table above, the body cell of a snake has 4 chromosomes