1. Welcome To Kansas: “Her Light Shall Shine”

2.  Barbed wire  Bigotry  Chain migration  Class system  Communal  Depression  Draft  Dug out  Emancipation  Famine  Irrigation  Pacifist  Sections  Sod house  Tenant

3.  Ernest de Boissiere  Abbie Bright  Philip Bright  George Grant  Flora Moorman Heston  Benjamin “Pap” Singleton

4.  Post Civil War  Many wanted to come to Kansas  American Indians not welcomed  Droughts ended

5.  Most settlers were from other states  Immigration to Kansas was encouraged  U.S. government sold land cheap  Railroads industry resulted in increased population.

6.  Horace Greeley- “Go West, young man, go West!  West was a symbol of new opportunities  Homestead Act encouraged land ownership  Homestead requirements  If over 21 you could claim up to 160 acres of public land.  U.S. citizen or intend to become one  $10 fee, had to live and cultivate the land  After 5 years if the land showed improvement then the settler would be given a clear title.  If a settler wanted to buy the land before the 5 years it was $1.25 per acre

7.  Land was free, but farming was not  Successful homesteaders needed $500-1,000 to start.  Many had less and failed  Went back home  Or became tenant farmers  Cultivated someone else’s land as a renter  1890 almost 1/3 of Kansas farms were run by tenant farmers

8.  The Preemption Act  Squatter could take up residence on public land  After 14 months they could buy it up to 160 acres for $1.25/acre  Advantages  squatter could buy the land before it went up for public sale.  Protected improvements squatters already made.

9.  The Timber Culture Act  Allowed settlers to enlarge their land holdings  160 acres of land could be claimed  Add a large amount of trees to a portion of the land  They did not have to live on the land  If requirement are met settlers could purchase land for $1.25/acre  Auction  Land was sold at auctions  If land was not purchased at auction it could be bought for $1.25/acre

10.  Hardships  Economy cycles were harsh in KS  Drought  Blizzards and other harsh weather  Grasshoppers

11. PROBLEMSSOLUTIONS  Lack of wood for housing  Lack of wood for fuel  Lack of wood for fences  Lack of surface water  Build earth houses, dug outs and sod houses  Bundled hay, corn cobs, and dried manure (buffalo/cow chips)  Barbed wire and limestone fences  Dug deep wells  Water pulled up by windmills  Put in to ponds for drinking water and irrigation canals.

12.  Life in the south was difficult  Many were tenant farmers  Violence and resentment  Kansas was an attractive option for many African Americans  Symbolism of the Promised land  Struggle against slavery in the state  Symbolism of John Brown  Land ownership

13.  Settlements (counties)  Cherokee  Graham  Hodgeman  Morris  Most famous settlement community was Nicodemus in western Kansas

14.  Nicodemus  Developed through land speculation (land purchased and town planned before anyone lived there)  Freed slaves from Kentucky settled there  Named for a slave who purchased his own freedom

15.  Problems in Nicodemus  Settlers arrived to late to farm  Far away from the more populated areas in the state  Physical environment (Kentucky has lots of forests)

16.  Exodusters  Name comes for Exodus in the bible  Traveled from the deep south  Generally poor  Came in the thousands usually by steamboat  Many became sick and died on the journey  Many exited at Wyandotte  Wyandotte paid some to move away to Atchinson because they could not take in any more of the poor.

17.  Exodusters  Because of the huge numbers of poor along the Missouri river in Kansas jobs were very sparse.  Governor John St. John formed the Freemen’s Relief Organization which moved exodusters to cities around the state with jobs.

18.  All immigrants experience a “push/pull” factor  Something is pushing them away from home  Something is pulling them toward KS  Railroads actively recruited immigrants to come to KS  KS State Bureau of Immigration published pamphlets to promote settlement opportunities

19.  German Settlers  Largest European group to settle in KS  Settled in all counties but particularly in central KS  More than 60 newspapers printed in German.  Most came for economic opportunities  Farming  Railroad  Chain Migration  News from immigrants already in KS inspired others to follow and come to KS

20.  Settlers from the British Isles  The British class system mixed with the tradition of taking over in a fathers given trade meant there were few opportunities for advancements.  Wakefield was a British settlement  Runnymede  British settlement for 5 years  F.J.S. Trunly offered to teach the sons of British upper class how to farm for $500  Instead the sons staged horse races and hunted foxes.  The parents got sick of it and brought the kids back home

21.  The French Settlement of Silkville  Ernest de Boissiere  Upper class Frenchman  Believed in the equality of all men  Arrived after Napoleon came to power  Started in New Orleans  Gained wealth operating merchant ships  Donated a substantial sum of money to an orphanage for African American children

22.  Ernest de Boissiere  Moved to KS (1869) because he felt it would be a more tolerant area  Organized the Prairie Home Association establishing a communal settlement  $200 a person could buy a membership to the Prairie Home Association  All members would live together and share the work  The business became producing silk  Became know as Silkville cause de Boissiere imported mulberry trees, silk worms, and workers from France immigrated to KS  Produced 300 yards of silk a day

23.  Swedish Immigrants  Reasons for coming  A famine hit Sweden  Sweden was over populated  Potato crops went bad  Religious Freedom  3 rd largest immigrant group in KS  1 st Swedish Agricultural Company brought many Swedes over.  Nearly 100 settled in Lindsborg (wanted a pure Lutheran faith)