1. AFRICAN RESISTANCE

2. Entry Task What will be Africans biggest issue/grievance with Europeans? What could Africans do in response? What tactics might they use? How might they resist?

3. African Resistance  Throughout Africa, people resisted imperial control for years  Algeria resisted French rule for 50 years  Samori Toure in West Africa fought the French for 16 years

4. Maji Maji Rebellion  Africans in German East Africa fought in the Maji Maji rebellion  20 ethnic groups joined together  Germans with machine guns killed 75,000 in battle  Twice as many died in the famine that followed

5. Ethiopia

6.  Menelik II became emperor of Ethiopia in 1889  Played the Italians, French and British against each other  Said "Ethiopia has need of no one; she stretches out her hands unto God."  Meanwhile, built a large arsenal of modern weapons

7. Menelik II of Ethiopia  Modernized Ethiopia  Purchased weapons from Russia  70,000 modern rifles and sufficient boxes of ammunition  Prepared an impressive army

8. Italian Trickery  Menelik II signed a treaty with Italy giving them a small amount of land  The Italians had changed their version of the treaty  They argued that all of Ethiopia was now under their command

9. Italians Invade Ethiopia  Italians advanced into Ethiopia  Menelik vows to fight:  Seige at Makalle lasts 45 days.  Menelik forces the Italians to retreat  Italian government is shamed, sends reinforcements "God, in his bounty, has struck down my enemies and enlarged my empire and preserved me to this day. I have reigned by the grace of God. As we must all die sometime, I will not be afflicted if I die... Enemies have come who would ruin our country and change our religion. They have passed beyond the sea which God gave us as our frontier... These enemies have advanced, burrowing into the country like moles. With God's help I will get rid of them.”

10. Battle of Adowa - 1896  Italians come back to fight in the Battle of Adowa  Menelik II defeated them easily, keeping Ethiopia independent

11. Lemn Sissay’s “The Battle of Adwa”: What more do you learn about the Battle of Adwa from listening to his poem?

12. THE OTHER “INDEPENDENT” STATE IN AFRICA…

13. Liberia  Between 1821 and 1847, America developed the colony ‘Liberia’  Colony for freed slaves  In 1847 declared itself an independent nation  But it was still essentially under American control

14. Liberia  1847-1980, governed by the small group of African-American colonists and their offspring - Americo-Liberians  Americo-Liberians believed they were superior  Ruled over the large indigenous majority of 95% of the Liberian population

15. The Americo-Liberians  Kept their English-speaking, Americanized way of life  Built churches and houses resembling those of the Southern U.S  Never more than 5% of the population of Liberia  Dominated by controlling:  Access to the ocean  Modern technical skills  Literacy and higher levels of education  Valuable relationships with American government

16. “The Coming of the Pink Cheeks”  First source: Cecil Rhodes argument for what English Imperialism and what England’s duty is.  Second source: Chief Kabongo explaining the results of what happened to Africa and its people during European Imperialism.

18. Effects of European Imperialism on Africa  Europeans established new borders in Africa  European exploit Africans and the land  European powers scramble for colonies  Africans resist imperialism  Western-educated African elite emerge  African leaders forge nationalist movements