1. GSFC/Spinhirne 03/13/2002 Multispectral and Stereo Infrared Cloud Observations by COVIR (Compact Visible and Infrared Imaging Radiometer) J. Spinhirne, R. Lancaster, S. Manthripragada, S. Scott ISIR Shuttle Hitchhiker Experiment COVIRESSP CARE (1998) SIRICE (2001) UnESS TELLUS (1999) APPLICATION OF UNCOOLED IR ARRAY DETETORS

2. GSFC/Spinhirne 03/13/2002 Cloud Observation Limits Poor coverage of active sensors and day only coverage Of passive visible/near IR retrievals Height Structure from Lidar Multi Sensor Observation Experiment VIS IR Multi Spectral Radiance

3. GSFC/Spinhirne 03/13/2002 CLOUD SCIENCE ISSUES Diurnal cloud variation is a large climate issue not adequately addressed by current satellite observations. COVIR instrument spectral IR/stereo measurement have potential for solar unbiased cloud retrievals of cloud fraction, height structure and microphysics of thin clouds. How does cloud cover vary in response to climate change and is the change detectable The lack of coverage and large cost of missions with active sensors and large multispectral imagers make them impractical for multiple platforms. Shuttle lidar ISIR

4. GSFC/Spinhirne 03/13/2002 APPLICATION SCIENCE 278234 Brightness Temperature (K) 256267245 3500 Stereo Altitude (m) 11500750055009500 SCIENCE GOAL: Low cost missions to Significantly improve understanding of cloud response to climate change Compact, low mass IR/vis Imaging radiometer for multi- Instrument missions Combined IR stereo heights and spectral IR measurement Diurnally unbiased retrievals of cloud physical (IWC) and radiation parameters COVIR APPROACH STS-85 ISIR-01 Measurement

5. GSFC/Spinhirne 03/13/2002 Compact Infrared and Visible Imaging Radiometer A Compact Multispectral Infrared and Visible Imaging Radiometer for Cloud and Surface Observations from Small Spacecraft IIP Project - Engineering Model Development Follow on to ISIR-01 experiment on STS-85 Objective: –Develop a much smaller and lower cost infrared and visible imaging radiometer using an uncooled microbolometer focal plane array –Develop an engineering model of a 10-15 kg instrument FY 2002 Status: –System design complete –Detector, Filter and Optics Delivery Over Year Late –Instrument mechanical components late –Electronics layout done –Plan for shuttle Hitchhiker test formulated and Hitchhiker integration designed Concept Development Component Development Instrument Integration Lab/ ground Test HH Flight Test Mission Flight Proposal 6” 2002

6. GSFC/Spinhirne 03/13/2002 COVIR Instrument (Current) Detector/Filter Assembly Design advances: Fixed strip filter pushbroom imaging Microbolometer imaging at 3.7 um wavelength region TEC Cooler Detector Array A/R Coated Germanium Window Strip Filters Filter Substrate 15 mils 3-5 mils    Band Waveband S/N Resolution 1 0.6 - 0.7 um 3:1 1 ½ km 2 11.5 - 12.5 um 0.12 K ½ km 3 3.6 - 4.0 um 0.5 K 2 2 km 4 10.3 - 11.3 um 0.12 K ½ km 5 11.5 - 12.5 um 0.12 K ½ km 1 At 0.5% albedo 2 At 300 o K scene temperature

7. GSFC/Spinhirne 03/13/2002 Stand alone cloud mission: ESSP (FF or Station) Component of climate mission: Aerosat ESA/NASDA climate mission GPM ISIR (02) Shuttle Hitchhiker with Shuttle Laser Altimeter Potential Missions

8. GSFC/Spinhirne 03/13/2002 Study Requirements Improved Observational Requirements for Clouds - Team building Effectiveness of Stereo IR Retrievals - Optically thin layers and multi level clouds - Spilt window retrieval from combined stereo approach - Cloud fraction analysis - Team building Instrument Approach for 3.7 um Radiometric Imaging - Sensitivity and averaging for microbolometer imaging - Alternative Approaches Instrument Cost and Schedule

9. GSFC/Spinhirne 03/13/2002 Multispectral and Stereo Infrared Cloud Observations by COVIR (Compact Visible and Infrared Imaging Radiometer) Summary 6” IIP and Hitchhiker follow on Application of uncooled array detector for climate science SCIENCE GOAL: Low cost missions to Significantly improve understanding of cloud response to climate change COVIR APPROACH: Compact, low mass IR/vis Imaging radiometer for multi- Instrument missions Combined IR stereo heights and spectral IR measurement Stand alone cloud mission: ESSP (FF or Station) Component of climate mission: Aerosat GPM ISIR (02) Shuttle Hitchhiker with Shuttle Laser Altimeter Potential Missions:

10. GSFC/Spinhirne 03/13/2002 Internal Blackbody Scale ~ 11 cm 45 cm Optic Bench IR Detector Electronics Scanmirror Assembly Visible Camera Assembly ~20 cm IR Camera Assembly COVIR/ ISIR(02) BACK UP CHARTS

11. GSFC/Spinhirne 03/13/2002 Space Shuttle Experiment for Uncooled IR Array Infrared Spectral Imaging Radiometer (ISIR) Specifications: Microbolometer array detector eliminatesMicrobolometer array detector eliminates cooling requirements Push broom imaging eliminatesPush broom imaging eliminates mechanical scanning Time delay integration improves NEDTTime delay integration improves NEDT by the square root of the along track detector elements 8, 11, 12 & 7-14  m channels, 0.1-0.01 o K8, 11, 12 & 7-14  m channels, 0.1-0.01 o K NEDT, 250 m resolution, 82Km swath Develop Compact, Low Cost and RuggedDevelop Compact, Low Cost and Rugged Imaging Infrared Cloud Radiometers Test the Application of UncooledTest the Application of Uncooled Microbolometer Focal Plane Arrays for Space Borne Imaging Applications Observations For Cloud Science: ObtainObservations For Cloud Science: Obtain Combined Passive/Active Remote Sensing From Joint Shuttle Flight with the SLA Lidar Objectives: Microbolometer Array

12. GSFC/Spinhirne 03/13/2002 ISIR 10.8 um Channel (Coast of New Jersey) 80 km (50 mi) 145 km (90 mi)

13. GSFC/Spinhirne 03/13/2002 Uncooled Microbolometer FPA

14. GSFC/Spinhirne 03/13/2002 Support Requests Cloud Retrieval Studies – University Grant - GEST Co-I (1/4 my) Instrument trade studies – GEST Co-I (1/2 my) COVIR Completion and Testing Flight Boards - $80,000