1. Map Types

2. Globe vs. Map Depending on the information you are attempting to gain insight on you would need to decide on which picture representation you would want to refer to. 1.Globe – A model representation of Earth’s entire surface. Country coordinates Time zones 2.Map – A picture or model of a place or location. Driving Directions Points of Interest Grid Topographic maps

3. Globe or Map – Which would be best? If I wanted to locate the nearest gas station in Ovid: If I wanted to see where Hawaii is in relation to New York: If I wanted to find Sochi, Russia and see how many hours ahead of us they are for the Olympics? If I wanted to see what route would be best to drive from Ovid to Washington D.C.: Map Globe Map

4. Globe A picture of Earth’s entire surface. Reference features used: 1.Lines of Longitude – run vertically Starts at the Prime Meridian - 0° Spaced every 15° - 24 total meridian lines – Left of the Prime Meridian = West (0-180) – Right of the Prime Meridian – East (0-180) 2.Lines of Latitude – run horizontally Starts at the Equator - 0° – Above the equator = North (0-90) – Below the equator = South (0-90)

5. North South WestEast Equator Prime Meridian Europe Australia Africa South America North America Asia Greenland Antarctica X

6. Using A Globe 1.Australia is located in which two hemispheres? 2.Is Greenland East or West of the Prime Meridian? 3.Which continent is located at: 30°S and 60°W 4.What would be the coordinates for X in Asia? Southern & Eastern Hemisphere West South America 30°N and 150°E

7. Time Zones Lines of Longitude are spaced every 15°. – There are 24 meridian lines. 15 X 24 = 360°. – So each meridian line = 1 hr of time. – Move West from the Prime Meridian = fall back 15° or, gain an hour of time. 2pm will become 1pm if you move 1 meridian line to the left. – Move East from the Prime Meridian = move forward 15°, lose an hour of time. 2pm will become 3pm if you move 1 meridian line to the right.

8. Prime Meridian Jump Forward = Lose Fall Back = Gain World Time Zones X – Sochi, Russia

9. World Time Zones 1.From the Prime Meridian, New York would gain or lose time? – How many hours? 2.Sochi, Russia was ahead or behind New York in time? How many hours? 3.How many time zones does Australia have? Gain 5 hours ahead 9 hours 3

10. US Time Zones

11. How many different time zones does the Continental United States have? Which time zone is Ovid, NY in? If we travel to California, do we fall back or move forward in time? If it is 10 am in Ovid, what time is it in: – Texas: – Wyoming: – Nevada: 4 Eastern Fall back 9 am 8 am 7 am

12. Maps Maps are picture or model representations of a location or place. Map Types: – Driving Directions – Points of Interest – Grids – Topographic Maps

13. Reference Features Maps use reference features to help you understand the information being pictured: 1.Legend: Tells you what certain symbols may mean or represent. Marina Parking Picnic Area Post Office School Restroom TelephoneAirport Handicap Friendly First aid Hospital Information Food Lodging

14. Reference Features 2.Compass: Tells you the direction locations are in relation to each other. 3.Scale: Tells you how far a location is on the map in regards to the real distance on Earth.

16. Reading Maps What does the symbol mean? From Buffalo to Albany, what would be the fastest road to travel on? – Would it be free? Is there another road you could take that would be free? – What type of road would this be? What direction does 81 run? Interstate 90 NS No, toll road Yes, 20 US Highway

17. Grids Grids are similar to maps in that they are picture or model representations of a location or place. They are different however in that they DO NOT use longitude/latitude coordinates but instead use letters and numbers. – Letters take the place of latitude. Run East to West, horizontally – Numbers take the place of longitude. Run North to South, vertically

18. Grids

19. Reading Grids 1.What will you find in each of the following: – A-1:- C-3: – A-2:- C-1: 2.Where would you find each of the following places? – Nurse’s Office:- Grade 2 Classroom: – Lunch Room:- Hallway: Office Front door Kindergarten Grade 3 B-1 A-3 B-3 B-2, C-2

20. Topographic Maps Topographic Maps show the birds-eye view of an area. – Show highly accurate information on: Elevation Gradient Topographic Profile Topography

21. Topographic Map Features 1.Contour lines connect similar elevations. – Can never cross or cut through another contour line. Just like Isotherm, temperature, and Isobar, pressure, maps.

22. Drawing Contour Lines Use the diagram below to create a topographic map with contour lines in 10m intervals. (80m, 90m, 100m, 110m and 120m)

23. Drawing Contour Lines Use the diagram below to create a topographic map with contour lines in 50m intervals. (400m, 450m and 500m)

24. Topographic Map Features 2.Gradient (slope) is the difference in elevation (rise) divided by the distance between two points (run): Gradient = rise / run = 145-125/5 = 20/5 = 4m/Km

25. Topographic Profile A profile takes the eagle-eye view of an area and translates it into cross-section view. – Identify two points on opposite sides of the map that you would like to profile. – Mark each contour interval that intersects the line, identify the elevation. – Plot the distance that each contour line is separated by onto the graph and the elevation that each line was found at. – Connect points to draw the profile.

26. Constructing A Profile Complete the Topographic Profile below: A B

27. Topographic Map Symbols Symbols are often used to identify features on a topographic map:

28. Topography 1.Contour lines determine topography: – Depression – - Hill – has hachures * no hachures

29. Reading Topographic Maps 1.What is the contour interval of this map? 2.What does the symbol at C indicate? 3.What does the symbol at B indicate? 4. What is the elevation at A? 5. What is the elevation at C? 6. Which creek has the: a.Steepest slope, how do you know? b.Most gradual slope? McWhorter Creek Kesler Creek Mazzola Creek 900 880 A B C D E 20m Depression Swamp Below 840m 880 and lower Mazzola – lines close together Kesler – lines farthest apart