1. War on Cancer The history of cancer 蕭秀玫、白植云、江秉儒

2. What is cancer ? The uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells.

3. Normal cells : grow → divide → die apoptosis

4. Cancer : grow → divide develop because of damage of DNA

5. Metastasis : cancer cells travel → replacing normal tissue

6. History of the term “cancer” Earliest evidence of cancer Fossilized bone tumors in human mummies of ancient Egypt Bone cancer called “osteosarcoma”

7. Oldest description of cancer Edwin Smith Papyrus (3000 BC in Egypt) The writing says about the disease “There is no treatment.”

8. Greek physician - Hippocrates “Father of Medicine” used the terms “carcinos” and “carcinoma” to describe Finger-like spreading projections from a cancer called to mind the shape of a crab (460-370 BC)

9. Roman physician - Celsus (28-50 BC) translated the Greek term into “cancer”

10. Greek physician - Galen (130-200 AD) used the word “oncos” to describe “swelling” in Greek

11. Hippocrates Celsus “Cancer” Galen “Oncologists”

12. Historical background of cancer research Renaissance (15th century) Scientists began to use the scientific method Autopsies

13. Giovanni Morgagni did autopsies to relate the patient’s illness to pathologic findings after death in 1761 foundation for scientific oncology

14. Development of cancer theory Hippocrates Body had 4 humors (body fluids): blood, phlegm, yellow bile, and black bile humors are balanced → a person is healthy

15. excess of black bile in various body sites The theory was embraced by the influential doctor Galen remained unchallenged through the Middle Ages for over 1,300 years

16. Lymph theory replaced the humoral theory around 1700s Life → continuous and appropriate movement of the fluid parts of the body through the solid parts Fluid parts → blood and lymph

17. Infectious disease theory Zacutus Lusitani (1575-1642) and Nicholas Tulp (1593- 1674) in Holland “cancer is contagious” based on their experiences with breast cancer in members of the same household cancer patients should be isolated !!!

18. Cancer in the nineteenth century Use of the modern microscope Rudolf Virchow, the founder of cellular pathology.

19. Rudolf Virchow He claimed that many cancers are initiated by inflammation in 1863. But his view was ignored for a long time.

20. Types of inflammation in tumorigenesi s and cancer Lately, accumulated epidemiologic studies support Rudolf Virchow’s view

21. The multifaceted role of inflammation in cancer activates tissue repair responses stimulates angiogenesis metastatic spread

22. Cancer prevention Most cancer cases are due to environment risk factors Cancer is considered a largely preventable disease

23. Means of preventing cancer Dietary Medication Vaccination

24. Management of cancer Cancer can be treated in many ways Cancer refers to a class of diseases, it is unlikely that there will be a single cure for cancer Types of treatments ： radiation therapy, surgery, hormonal therapy, chemotherapy, etc.

25. Radiation therapy Also called x-ray therapy Damages both cancer cells and normal cells Can be used to treat almost every type of solid tumor

26. Surgery If the cancer hasn’t metastasized to other site, the cancer can be cured by surgery in theory It is referred to as palliative treatment

27. Thank you very much