1. Clash of Values
Ch. 17 Section 3

2. Nativism Resurges
Nativism and racism increased in the 1920s and led to changes in immigration laws
1920s began with an economic recession, influx of immigrants, cultural tensions
Americans reacted to the bombings, strikes, and recession by blaming immigrants

3. Sacco-Vanzetti Case
2 men robbed and murdered two employees of a shoe factory in Mass. (Nicola Sacco / Bartolomeo Vanzetti)
Anarchists  Against any form of government control
Had a similar gun and same bullets so they found them guilty
Executed August 23, 1927

4. Return of the KKK
Catholics, Jews, and Immigrants were also targets in the new KKK (Fix UNAMERICAN)
William J. Simmons founded the new clan to restore white Protestantism
1924  4 million members

5. Controlling Immigration
Immigration policies changed in response to recession and nativist pleas
Emergency Quota Act  Restricted annual admission to the US to only 3% of the total number of people in any ethnic group already living in the nation.
National Origins  Made immigration restriction a permanent policy. (2%)

6. Hispanic Immigration
Employers needed laborers for agriculture, mining, and railroad work
Mexicans could fill that role without violating the National Origins Act of 1924.
By 1929, nearly 700,000 Mexicans had immigrated into the country

7. Class of Cultures
With women gaining the right to vote in 1920, many women sought to break free of the traditional roles
Marriage
Automobile
Sex
Women in the workforce/ Education
Fashion
Number of children (Lowered by Margaret Sanger)
Birth Control

8. Fundamentalism
Many saw the United States declining in morals and values (Pamphlets were spreading Fundamentalism)
Bible was literally true
Rejected theory of evolution
Creationism
Billy Sunday and Aimee Semple McPherson

9. Scopes Trial 1925, TN outlaws any teaching that denied Creationism
ACLU  advertised for a teacher willing to be arrested for teaching evolution. John T. Scopes from Dayton, TN taught evolution and was arrested
Scopes found guilty and fined $100 (later overturned due to a technicality)
Fundamentalists began to decline

10. Prohibition January 1920, Prohibition is passed (18th amendment)
Volstead Act  Treasury dept. responsible for prohibition
540,000 arrests but people kept ignoring the law
Speakeasies  Places to purchase alcohol
Prohibition was repealed in 1933 (21st Amendment)

14. Cultural Innovations
New York’s Greenwich Village and Chicago’s South Side became known as centers for new artistic work
Bohemian  Young artists, musicians, and writers greater freedom to express themselves
Mainly hippies and lazy people who refused to work (except for art), open drug use, communal living, sexual orgies

15. Poets and Artists
Carl Sandburg  Used common speech to glorify the Midwest (Chicago)
Willa Cather  Life on the Great Plains
Ernest Hemingway  Wrote about flawed “anti-heroes” who still had heroic qualities
F. Scott Fitzgerald  The Great Gatsby

16. Popular Culture Movies & Radio Shows
Charlie Chaplin most famous silent move actor
1st talking picture “The Jazz Singer”
Movies, Music, Newspapers, and Magazines help to UNIFY the country

17. Sports Babe Ruth – Baseball
Jack Dempsey – Boxing ($90,000 sales in radios)
Red Grange – Football U. of Illinois
Bobby Jones – Golf
Bill Tilden/Helen Wills – Tennis
Gertrude Ederle – 1st woman to swim English Channel