1. Bio 449Lecture 25Nov. 8, 2010 Control of Ventilation Generation of rhythmic breathing Regulation of blood gases Effects of PCO2 Effects of PO2 Other factors affecting ventilation Renal Physiology I Introduction to osmoregulation Overview of the kidney Main functions Anatomy of the renal system Nephrons Structure Overview of nephron function Secretion and reabsorption Urine formation Terms to Know Carotid bodies / Aortic bodies Blood-brain barrier Urine / Excretion Urea / Creatinine / Uric acid Kidney / Ureter / Urinary bladder / Urethra Renal cortex / Renal medulla / Renal pelvis Nephron Renal corpuscle / Glomerulus Afferent arteriole / Efferent arteriole Vasa recta / Peritubular capillaries Bowman's capsule / Proximal tubule Loop of Henle / Descending limb Thin ascending limb / Thick ascending limb Distal tubule / Collecting duct Glomerular filtration Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) Secretion / Reabsorption Readings Lectures 25-27: Chapters 19 & 20

2. Control of Ventilation

3. Regulation of blood gases

4. Renal Physiology Introduction to osmoregulation

5. Overview of the kidney

6. Anatomy of the renal system Fig. 19-1 Kidney Ureter Urinary bladder Urethra Renal artery Renal vein

7. Structure of the kidney Fig. 19-1 Cortex Medulla Renal pelvis Ureter Nephrons

9. Nephron structure Fig. 19-1 Bowman’s capsule Distal tubule Proximal tubule Collecting duct Ascending limb Descending limb Loop of Henle Descending limb of loop begins Ascending limb of loop ends To bladder

10. Nephron structure Fig. 19-1 Glomerulus (capillaries) Peritubular capillaries Juxtaglomerular apparatus Efferent arteriole Afferent arteriole Vasa recta

11. Nephron structure Fig. 19-1 Nephrons Cortex Medulla

12. Overview of nephron function Fig. 19-1 Collecting duct Distal tubule Afferent arteriole Loop of Henle Efferent arteriole Glomerulus Peritubular capillaries Proximal tubule Bowman’s capsule To renal vein To bladder and external environment KEY = Filtration: blood to lumen = Reabsorption: lumen to blood = Secretion: blood to lumen = Excretion: lumen to external environment

13. Secretion and reabsorption

14. Urine Formation

15. Glomerular filtration

16. Renal corpuscle Fig. 19-5 Bowman’s capsule Podocyte Glomerular capillary Lumen of Bowman’s capsule Proximal tubule Efferent arteriole Afferent arteriole Thick ascending limb of loop of Henle

17. Podocytes Fig. 19-5

18. Renal corpuscle Fig. 19-5 Lumen of Bowman’s capsule Podocyte foot processes Glomerular capillary Podocyte Mesangial cell Capillary endothelium

19. Renal corpuscle Fig. 19-5 Filtration slit Basal lamina Filtered material Foot process of podocyte Lumen of Bowman’s capsule Capillary lumen Pores in endothelium