1. KIM-1Presentation Cass Lewart © 2003 1 KIM-1– Beginnings of Home Computing Age A 1976 development board for the 6502 microprocessor (cost - around $250) Designed with the application engineer in mind, but discovered and adopted by hobbyists Basic specs: 8 bit processor, 1 MHz clock, 2K OS in ROM, 1K user RAM Only addition required for experimenting with a ‘real’ computer is a +5V/1.2A and +12V/0.1A power supply

2. KIM-1Presentation Cass Lewart © 2003 2 KIM-1 Operating System Fully documented with comments User access to subroutines Serial printer and Cassette I/O Input via built-in hex keyboard, output via six seven-segment LEDs External I/O through 15 “ports” on the edge connector Timer

3. KIM-1Presentation Cass Lewart © 2003 3 6502 Microprocessor Relatively easy programming in machine language with absolute and relative addressing 56 instructions Accumulator, X and Y registers, stack Flag for decimal arithmetic

4. KIM-1Presentation Cass Lewart © 2003 4 Software Developments The First Book of KIM, Newsletters Games: Game of Life (1 st prize by Dan), Wumpus, Lunar Lander, Chess Utilities: Disassembler (Dan), Chess Clock (Cass) Addressing of individual LED segments gave KIM-1 alphanumeric capabilities Control programs for lights, music generation, burglar alarm (Cass)

5. KIM-1Presentation Cass Lewart © 2003 5 Example: 2 + 3 LocationOperationCode  0200LDA #02A9 02  0202ADC #0369 03  0204STA 0085 00  0206BRK00 Result can be seen at address 0000

6. KIM-1Presentation Cass Lewart © 2003 6 Expansion Projects Memory Expansion – $20 - $50 for each Kbyte TVT-1 Monitor interface by Don Lancaster – the printed circuit board was $4 plus inexpensive components Adding a keyboard

7. KIM-1Presentation Cass Lewart © 2003 7 Main KIM-1 Board

8. KIM-1Presentation Cass Lewart © 2003 8 8K Expansion Board