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Hitler to Russia. Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis: The Tripartite Pact September, 1940.

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Presentation on theme: "Hitler to Russia. Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis: The Tripartite Pact September, 1940."— Presentation transcript:

1 Hitler to Russia

2 Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis: The Tripartite Pact September, 1940

3 Accordingly, the governments of Germany, Italy and Japan have agreed as follows: ARTICLE ONE Japan recognizes and respects the leadership of Germany and Italy in establishment of a new order in Europe.ARTICLE ONE ARTICLE TWO Germany and Italy recognize and respect the leadership of Japan in the establishment of a new order in greater East Asia.ARTICLE TWO ARTICLE THREE Germany, Italy and Japan agree to co-operate in their efforts on aforesaid lines. They further undertake to assist one another with all political, economic and military means when one of the three contracting powers is attacked by a power at present not involved in the European war or in the Chinese-Japanese conflict.ARTICLE THREE

4 Before invading Poland, Germany signed the Nazi- Soviet Nonaggression Pact, securing the eastern border of Germany. Everyone involved knew that the treaty was a measure on both sides to buy time. Why were each side trying to buy time? Ideologically, both nations despised the other. Hitler had devoted much of Mein Kampf to his believe in the menace of Communism. Nazism was against everything Communism stood for. It was just a matter of time…..

5 Adolf Hitler had convinced himself by December 1940 that England lay prostrate before German air power. November had seen the worst of the air attacks; acres of England’s cities were reduced to rubble. Hitler believed she would never rise again to threaten Germany. So…..

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7 The High Command developed plans for an invasion of Russia. The original name of the plan was called Fritz and then Directive 21, Hitler seized on the idea of invading Russia and issued the directive, renaming it Operation Barbarossa in honor of Frederick I, the twelfth century Prussian King who was prophesied to rise from his grave and restore Germany to world power. Operational orders were given in January 1941.

8 The German Generals that would carry out the operation wanted an all-out drive on Moscow. Hitler, in a uncharacteristic show of orthodox military strategy, insisted on a three-pronged, broad frontal assault on three major areas before driving on the Soviet Capital. Operation Barbarossa: Hitler’s Biggest Mistake

9 Ten thousand tanks and 2,300 aircraft operated by 2,300,000 men stood against this large force The German High Command massed the greatest army ever assembled to invade the Soviet Union. One hundred forty-eight divisions (114 infantry, fifteen motorized, and nineteen panzer;) 67,000 German Norwegian garrison troops and 500,000 Finns; and 150,000 Rumanians were recruited to take up the invasion. A total of 3,050,000 men, 7184 artillery pieces, 3,350 tanks, 2,770 aircraft, 600,000 vehicles Vs. Soviet Defense

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11 22 June 1941: Operation Barbarossa. After conquering France, the Nazi army turned east to invade the Soviet Union. This broke the German-Soviet pact (agreement) which Hitler and Stalin drew up at the start of the war.

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13 The Russians used the same scorched earth policy they had used against Napoleon. The retreating armies and civilians carried away what they could and destroyed everything else. Therefore the territory Germany gained was useless. Now it is winter… Should Hitler continue or should he retreat?

14 Many Russian cities fell to Germany but Hitler had not expected the conquest of Russia to last into winter. The German soldiers did not have winter clothing and many froze to death. By November 1942 the tables were turning and the Russians won their first victory against Germany at the Battle of Stalingrad.

15 Hitler wanted to capture the city that bore Stalin’s name, and Stalin wanted it held for the same reason. Hitler also hoped to captured Soviet oil fields Battle of Stalingrad: Winter of 1942-1943 German ArmyRussian Army 1,011,500 men1,000,500 men 10,290 artillery guns13,541 artillery guns 675 tanks894 tanks 1,216 planes1,115 planes

16 Stalingrad before the war

17 Stalingrad, September 1942

18 Women volunteers signing Oath of Allegiance

19 Stalingrad: street fighting

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22 The Battle of Stalingrad claimed over two million casualties, more than any other battle in human history, and was also one of the longest: it raged for 199 days. Killed, wounded or captured at Stalingrad: –Soviets: 1,290,000 –Germans and allies: 850,000

23 The “Big Three” Winston Churchill, Franklin Roosevelt, Joseph Stalin


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