1. Finishing the DBQ… n You have now analyzed 5 document! Way to go! n You now need to decide how we should group them in order to answer the questions How did the Nile shape Ancient Egypt? n How can we group document A? n How can we group documents B and C? n How can we group documents D and E?

2. QUIZ TIME! n Recalling the information you have read and the activities you have completed in class n Try your best!!

3. Ancient to Classical China Changes over Time

4. Ancient China n Isolation and internal growth n Distant from Middle East n Oldest civilization still in existence

5. Prehistoric Society: Yangshao n 5000-3000 BCE n River villages with unique soil: loess –Garden-style agriculture –Do not adopt plow until late n Painted pottery n Bronze tools

6. The Earliest Dynasties n Shang –1766-1122 BCE n Zhou –1122-256 BCE n Qin –221-206 BCE n Warring States Period –402-201 BCE n Han –206-220 BCE n Note: Some information you may read will discuss a Xia dynasty in Chinese history- ignore this dynasty! It didn’t exist. Dynasty: a line of hereditary rulers of a country

7. The Shang Dynasty n Geography: –Yellow River –Huanghe River Valley –Expanded with agricultural growth and technological developments

8. Shang Dynasty n Social Organization –Warrior elites –Distinctions between rich and poor, men and women, adults and children –The family was the central structure of society –Women foot binding n Political organization: –network of fortified cities, loyal to center –Government centered in towns –1000 cities –Capital moved six times n Religion n Ancestor worship n Divination:The practice of seeking knowledge of the future or the unknown by supernatural means

9. Shang Dynasty n Intellectual n Ideographic script n still readable by modern Chinese n Oracle bones n Technological innovations: –Bronze development controlled by the state –Horse-drawn chariots, other wheeled vehicles –Large armies n Economics –Silk Trade

10. End of the Shang Dynasty n Nomadic invaders lead to weakness n Zhou dynasty comes to power –1027 B.C. n Replaced one ruling class with another n What was the “Mandate of Heaven” and how did it contribute to the Zhou’s rise to power?

11. Zhou (Chou) Dynasty, 1122-256 BCE Geographic –Expansion of settlement between Huanghe and Yangtze Rivers –Middle Kingdom n Society –Goal- to create cultural unity which caused some aspects of society to be discouraged while others were encourage n Political: –No law codes: rule by decree –“Mandate of Heaven” – just and fair rule –China’s feudal period Decentralization of authority into villages No strong central government

12. Zhou (Chou) Dynasty, 1122-256 BCE n Intellectual/Religion n Encouraged linguistic unity with Mandarin Chinese n Focused religions by banning primitive practices n Oral epics and stories into written form n Philosophical ideas introduced –Confucius n Technology –Development of cheap iron weaponry ends Shang monopoly on Bronze

13. Decline of the Zhou Dynasty n Decentralized leadership allows for building of regional powers –Increasing local independence, refusal to pay Zhou taxes n Iron metallurgy allows for widespread creation of weaponry n Northern invaders weaken dynasty, beginning 8 th c BCE n 771 B.C. Zhou driven east

14. The Period of Warring States n 475-221 BCE n Dozen-plus states n Period of chronic warfare between states

15. The Qin Dynasty n Geography –Expansion of territory-Hong Kong n Social –Strong resistance to Qin Policies –Massive cultural losses

16. The Qin Dynasty n Political –Rise of Shi Huangdi as brutal ruler in 221 B.C.E –Gained control over internal disorder –Ordered census to establish control of taxation throughout region –Ordered standardized coinage

17. The Qin Dynasty n Religion/Intellectual –Denied Confucianism –Legalism Absolute power of the ruler –Centralized bureaucracy –Weakened the power of local aristocrats –People existed to serve the state –Use of FORCE

18. The Qin Dynasty n Technology –Massive public works projects through work conscription of peasants Great Wall built for protection Road planning Irrigation projects n Economics –Promoted manufacturing (Silk)

19. Resistance to Qin Policies/Downfall n Emperor orders execution of all critics –Ordered burning of all ideological works –460 scholars buried alive –Others exiled n Paranoia for safety and possessions n Led to massive revolts and overthrow by Han

20. Han Dynasty n Geography –Expanded territory into Korea, Indochina, Central Asia –Allowed direct contact/trade with India and connections to Roman Empire for trade

21. n Social –Patriarchal society – father as head –Children subordinate to parents Obedient Supported by laws and courts –Women subordinate, but defined roles Foot binding Some had power To be treated well according to Confucianism n Political –New bureaucracy Emphasis on centralization Weakening of the aristocracy Destruction of the Legalists Leader Wu Ti Encouraged peace throughout Asia Han Dynasty

22. n Intellectual/Religion –Pushed for Confucian educated elite and training for state workers Civil Service tests n Technology –Iron mining advancements –New plow to prevent choking an ox –Water powered mills –PAPER! n Economic: Trading with Middle East and Europe on the Silk Road begins –Production of iron and salt –Sponsor of public works –Control of agricultural surplus (Price controls)

23. Population Growth in Han Dynasty n General prosperity n Increased agricultural productivity with new canals and irrigation n Produce occasionally spoiling in state granaries –Led to revolts

24. End of Han n Declined as central rule weakened n Invasions of nomadic group, the Huns, threatened Northern borders n Buddhism spreads to region; encourages religious and cultural diffusion n Continued periods of isolation maintain Chinese structure to modern times

25. Summary n Impact on the world –Installment of bureaucracy and civil service tests –Trade of luxury goods along Silk Road –Inventions and developments Paper Compasses Porcelain Water mills –Model of long-lasting cultural society n Overall Chinese Impressions –Relative harmony with government, religious beliefs, economy, and social structure meshed together “Society as a whole” Government and society are one –Some tensions over time Religious differences – Confucianism or Daoism Division of elites from other classes

26. n Confucianism and Daoism –Were officially sanctioned doctrines of the Qin and Han emperors –Emphasized the needs of the individual over the welfare of the state –Had little influence upon China and Chinese society until the late 900s CE. –Offered answers to societal problems during times of disruption

27. n Confucian social relationships –Established a hierarchy and insisted upon reciprocal duties between people –Taught its practitioners to seek inner harmony with the natural way –Promoted the use of material rewards for correct behavior and punishments for transgressions –Were based on universal love and forgiveness

28. n The policy sponsored by the Qin dynasty to support its state –Encouraged education, new ideas, and tolerated criticism of the state –Broke the power of the vassals in order to enhance the power of the emperor –Paid the northern nomadic groups tribute to prevent invasions –Tolerated local lords performing functions for the central government

29. n During the Han dynasty, scholar officials –Came increasingly from the merchant and peasant classes –Utilized legalism as a ruling doctrine –Insisted on harsh law codes to maintain control –Instituted a system of examinations to prepare professional civil servants

30. n During the Han dynasty, scholar officials –Came increasingly from the merchant and peasant classes –Utilized legalism as a ruling doctrine –Insisted on harsh law codes to maintain control –Instituted a system of examinations to prepare professional civil servants

31. n Chinese women in the Classical Age, –Were free to choose the men that they would marry. –Could become scholar gentry provided they passed the state exams –Were legally subordinate to fathers and husbands at all class levels –Dominated the intellectual and artistic activities of China

32. Exit Slip n On the back of the handout provided, complete a Venn diagram on to answer the following: –Using two of the dynasties below, compare and contrast the government systems established and their effectiveness for the Chinese civilization. Zhou- Qin- Han Consider specific leaders, important events, and philosophies in answering the question. Dynasty Name And differences Dynasty Name And differences Comparison