1. Semester 2 Midterm

2. Mon: 3 rd Period Tues: 2 nd Period 50 Multiple Choice Questions No FRQ Regular Class Period You may use a 3 x 5 note card

3. Units: 7: Learning (17 questions) Modules 21 – 22 9: Developmental Psychology (17 questions) Modules 8 – 10 10: Motivation (16 questions) Modules 34 – 36

4. Midterm Review

5. Permissive Parenting style where parents submit to kids’ desires, not enforcing limits or standards for child behavior.

6. Preoperational Stage Piaget’s second stage where children learn to use language and demonstrates egocentrism.

7. Conservation The ability to understand that a quantity does not change even when it is arranged differently.

8. Imprinting The process by which certain animals form attachments during the critical period. Humans do not do this.

9. Authoritarian Parenting style where parents impose rules and expect obedience.

10. Crystallized Intelligence Your accumulated intelligence. This increases up to old age.

11. Secondary Sex Characteristics The non-reproductive sex characteristics (breasts, facial hair, Adam’s apple, etc.)

12. Formal Operational Stage Piaget’s fourth stage where children think logically about abstract concepts and reason.

13. Lev Vygotsky Psychologist known for his Zone of Proximal Development.

14. Punishment An event that decreases the behavior it follows.

15. Classical Conditioning Type of learning which takes place when two or more stimuli are presented together.

16. Embryo The developing human organism from about 2 weeks after fertilization through the 2 nd month.

17. Lawrence Kohlberg Psychologist known for his Stages Theory of Moral Development.

18. Extrinsic Motivation A desire to perform a behavior due to promised rewards or punishment.

19. Concrete Operational Stage Piaget’s third stage where children think logically about concrete events. They can now think mathematically.

20. Pessimism Negative thinking and outlook.

21. Puberty The period of sexual maturation, during which a person becomes capable of reproducing.

22. Authoritative Parents enforce rules, limits, and standards, but also explain, discuss, listen, and express respect for child’s ideas and wishes.

23. Sensorimotor Stage Piaget’s first stage where infants explore the world through looking, hearing, touching, mouthing, and grasping.

24. Critical Period The period shortly after birth when certain events must take place to facilitate proper development.

25. Erik Erikson Psychologist known for his Stages Theory of Psychosocial Development.

26. Operant Conditioning Type of learning that involves reinforcers and punishers.

27. Post Conventional Kohlberg’s third stage where people promote society’s welfare and look to promote justice.

28. Safety and Security Needs This is the second level of the hierarchy of needs.

29. Conditioned stimulus Neutral stimulus at first, but when paired with the unconditioned stimulus, it elicits the conditioned response.

30. Negative Reinforcement Removing a negative stimulus to strengthen a response.

31. B.F. Skinner Leading psychologist in the field of operant conditioning.

32. Refractory Period This is the time after orgasm where you are incapable of another orgasm.

33. Egocentrism Seeing the world from one’s own perspective and the inability to see reality from the perspective of another person.

34. Morality To discern right from wrong and to act in the right way.

35. Albert Bandura Psychologist famous for Bobo Doll experiments, which found that children imitate what they see.

36. Intrinsic Motivation A desire to perform a behavior for its own sake.

37. Stranger Anxiety The fear of strangers by infants beginning at 8 months.

38. Orgasm This is the third stage of the sexual response cycle.

39. Preconventional Kohlberg’s first stage where people avoid punishment and further self-interests.

40. Object Permanence Awareness that objects still exist when out of sight.

41. Adolescence The transition period from childhood to adulthood.

42. Excitement This is the first stage of the sexual response cycle.

43. Learning A relatively permanent change in behavior as a result of experience.

44. Zygote A fertilized egg.

45. Extinction The diminishing response that occurs when the conditioned stimulus no longer signals an impending unconditioned stimulus.

46. Ivan Pavlov Father of classical conditioning

47. Ostracism This is the act of social exclusion. (Time-out, prison, etc.)

48. Conventional Kohlberg’s second stage where people conform, live up to expectations of others and maintain law and order.

49. Metabolic Rate (Metabolism) This is the body’s rate of energy expenditure.

50. Spontaneous Recovery After extinction, the previous conditioned stimulus suddenly elicits the conditioned response again.

51. Basic Biological Needs (Physiological Needs) This is the first level of the hierarchy of needs.

52. Primary Sex Characteristics The reproductive organs (ovaries, uterus, and testes) and external genitals (vulva and penis).

53. Erectile Dysfunction This sexual disorder is the inability to maintain an erection in men.

54. Estrogen This is a sex hormone secreted in greater amounts by females.

55. Glucose This is the form of sugar that circulates in the blood.

56. Homeostasis The tendency to maintain a balance.

57. Incentive A positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior.

58. Teratogens Substances such as viruses and chemicals that can damage the developing embryo/fetus.

59. Self-control The ability to control impulses and delay gratification.

60. Neophobia This is our natural dislike of many foods that are unfamiliar.

61. Cross-Sectional Study A type of study in which people of different ages are compared with one another.

62. Testosterone This is the most important of the male sex hormones and is responsible for the growth of male sex organs.

63. Premature Ejaculation This sexual disorder is characterized by early orgasms in men.

64. Heterosexuality Sexual attraction toward members of the opposite sex.

65. Self-esteem Needs This is the fourth level of the hierarchy of needs.

66. Self-Actualization Needs This is the highest level of the hierarchy of needs.

67. Self-esteem Tobias is very hesitant and unsure of himself and clearly lacks confidence. Tobias is stuck at this level on the hierarchy of needs.

68. Habituation This is the lessening of arousal from repeated exposure to erotic material.

69. Nocturnal Emissions These are the orgasms experienced by males in their sleep.

70. Bulimia Nervosa This eating disorder is characterized by episodes of overeating, followed by vomiting, called binge-purge.

71. Plateau This is the second stage of the sexual response cycle.

72. Drive-Reduction Theory This theory of motivation says that a physiological need creates a drive that motivates us to satisfy the need.

73. Anorexia Nervosa This eating disorder occurs when a person diets and becomes significantly underweight and yet still feels fat and continue to starve their selves.

74. Ancel Keys This American scientist conducted the Minnesota Starvation Experiment.

75. Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI/STD) Unprotected sex has led to an increase in adolescent rates of this.