2.  Piaget believed that children think differently than adults and state they go through 4 universal stages :  Sensorimotor-0-2yr/object permenence  Pre operational -2-7yr/egocentrism  Concrete operational-7-11yr/conservation  Formal operational-11+yr/abstract thoughts and reasoning

3.  Vygotsky believed a child follows an adults example and gradually develops the ability to do certain tasks without help  Zone of proximal development :

4.  Skinner based his work from Thorndike’s law of effect adding reinforcement  Behavior which is reinforced tends to be repeated  Neutral operant –responses from the environment which neither increase or decrease the probability of a behavior being repeated  reinforcers- responses from the environment that increases the probability of a behavior being repeated  Punishers- responses from the environment that decrease the likelihood of a behavior being repeated –punishers weakens behavior  In other words Thorndike used a puzzle box and skinner used a “skinner box” which is a modified version of Thorndike’s puzzle box and used reinforcers as Thorndike did not

5.  Bandura believed that humans are processors and think about the relationships between their behavior and consequnces

6.  Erickson believed that personality develops in a series of stages and that his theory describes the impacts of social experiences across the whole lifespan

7.  Howard Gardner viewed intelligence as a “capacity to solve problems or to fashion products that are valued in one or more cultural setting”  The multiple intelligences