2. The war becomes a struggle

3. March 1862, Union invades VA (again) Confederate forces were led by Robert E. Lee. Lee’s troops defeated the Union army in a series of battles called the Seven Days’ Battles. Then, another Union army tried to capture Richmond, but Lee’s troops defeated them in the 2 nd Battle of Bull Run.

4. General Lee invades the North! Confederate leaders believed a victory would damage Union morale. They believed a Confederate victory would force the Union to make peace. In Antietam, MD, Lee’s forces were attacked by a much larger Union army. In a few hours 23,000 soldiers were killed or wounded. Lee was forced to retreat back into VA. Union victory!

5. Emancipation Proclamation Due to the amount of soldiers dead, many northerners wanted to stop fighting. They wondered if saving the Union was worth its cost in lives. Pres. Lincoln gave the North a reason to continue fighting: he announced that all slaves in the states that were at war with the Union were now FREE!

6. His announcement was called the “ Emancipation Proclamation ” Pres. Lincoln had no power over the Confederacy; he could not really free slaves there unless the North won the war. Therefore, the North had a new reason to fight! The war became more than a fight to unite the nation, it now was a fight to end slavery.

7. Lincoln helped inspire the North to continue fighting by issuing the “Emancipation Proclamation.” This freed all slaves, but only if the North won. The war was now not only to save the Union but also to free the slaves. Let’s take some notes!

8. Lincoln’sEmancipationProclamation

10. Gettysburg: The turning point Lee realized that the South was in dire straits and decided that it was crucial to attack the North on its own territory July 1-3, 1863 - BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG, Pa. Confederate bombardment; Union held firm on July 3, General Pickett led 15,000 Confed. Troops across open fields - Union mowed them down (" Pickett’s Charge ") Lee was defeated and retreated to Virginia

11. Gettysburg is the largest battle in the history of the Western hemisphere Over 27,000 people died in 3 days  It was the last time the South invaded the North.

12. 4 months after the battle, Lincoln traveled to Gettysburg to honor the dead. He gave a speech called the “ Gettysburg Address.” In that speech, Lincoln talked about the war’s meaning. The fallen soldiers, he said, had not “died in vain.” They had fought and died to give the nation “a new birth of freedom.”

13. Tune into the Gettysburg address being read aloud… Follow along on p. 182 http://digitalstorytelling.coe.uh.edu/ movie_social_studies_04.html

14. More notes….. 1 st battle of Civil War: Fort Sumter Which side won? South/Confederates Union surrendered Turning point in the Civil War: Battle of Gettysburg This was the 2 nd time the Confederates invaded the North. It was called the turning point because the South had more victories and was viewed to win the war. The North overwhelmed the South at this battle and left the South with no chance of winning the war. Lincoln visited Gettysburg and made a 3- minute speech called the “Gettysburg Address.”

15. By April 1865, Gen. Lee surrendered to Gen. Grant in the town of Appomattox Court House, VA. Instead of celebrating, most soldiers on both sides quietly went home. The Union won the Civil War.