1. Unit 4 Seminar: APA Basics 1

2. Paraphrasing and Quoting: 1.What is a paraphrase? 2.Why would you paraphrase rather than quote? 3.What tips can you offer for paraphrasing?

3. PARAPHRASE PRACTICE A. Dr. Oz wrote in 2009: “Resveratrol supplements could help us live longer healthier lives. Many personal testimonials and scientific research have concluded that Resveratrol Supplements really do work.”

4. 1. Paraphrase the following passage taken from Karen Springen’s 11/01/04 Newsweek article, “Kids Under the Knife.” : “Procedures like rhinoplasty and breast augmentation should be performed only on kids who are fully grown. Otoplasty (pinning back the ears), however, can be done starting at the age of 5 or 6.” 2. Why is this an instance where it’s better to paraphrase this passage rather than quote it?

5. Is this an effective paraphrase? Why or why not? Original: “Procedures like rhinoplasty and breast augmentation should be performed only on kids who are fully grown. Otoplasty (pinning back the ears), however, can be done starting at the age of 5 or 6.” Paraphrase: Operations such as rhinoplasty and breast surgery should be conducted on children who are grown. Otoplasty, on the other hand, can be performed beginning at age 5 or 6 (Springen, 2004).

6. What are some other ways plagiarism is committed?

7. What’s your opinion of this paraphrase? Original: “Procedures like rhinoplasty and breast augmentation should be performed only on kids who are fully grown. Otoplasty (pinning back the ears), however, can be done starting at the age of 5 or 6.” While children as young as age 5 or 6 are suitable candidates for otoplasty, they must be grown in order to undergo plastic surgeries involving the nose or breasts.

8. Where do I learn more about APA style? See Unit 4 Homepage under the “Extra,Extra” tab, See the video under the Quiz icon on the Unit 4 Homepage. Also, see the following pages in Chapter 12 of your handbook: pp. 208-209 (overview of in-text citations and reference pages) pp. 211-214 (examples of in-text citation) pp. 214-221 (sample reference page entries) Chapters 11-13 will all be helpful in your research and citation process.

9. Creating APA Citations Citations are ways to document something – Consider parking or traffic violation citations They document that the driver broke a rule, when it happened, and where They show the reader where the information came from and are used in the text and on the reference page. In-text citations are short “keys” to the full citations on the reference page. Reference page citations include all of the publication information so that readers can access the sources. 9

10. In-text citation for a direct quote: What elements do we need in that citation?

11. Karen Springen’s 11/01/04 Newsweek article, “Kids Under the Knife” on p. 54 : “Procedures like rhinoplasty and breast augmentation should be performed only on kids who are fully grown.” A.Springen (2004) writes, “Procedures like rhinoplasty and breast augmentation should be performed only on kids who are fully grown” (p. 54). B.“Procedures like rhinoplasty and breast augmentation should be performed only on kids who are fully grown” (Springen, 2004, p.54). C. Springen in a 2004 study asserts, “Procedures like rhinoplasty and breast augmentation should be performed only on kids who are fully grown” (p. 54).

12. In-text citation for a paraphrase: What elements do we need?

13. Karen Springen’s 11/01/04 Newsweek article, “Kids Under the Knife” on p. 54 : “Procedures like rhinoplasty and breast augmentation should be performed only on kids who are fully grown.” Citing a Paraphrase: A. According to Springen (2004), only grown children should undergo plastic surgery on the nose and breasts. B. Only grown children should undergo plastic surgery on the nose and breasts (Springen, 2004).

14. References Ferguson, A., Liss, S., Dowell, W., Drummond, T., Grace, J., Harrington, M., et.al. (1999, July 12). Inside the crazy culture of kids sports. Time, 154(2), 52-61. Retrieved February 7, 2005, from MasterFile Premier database. Lancaster, S. (2001, January 22). Fixing kids’sports. Christian Science Monitor, 93(39), 13. Retrieved February 7, 2005, from MasterFile Premier database. Lord, M. (2000, May 15). When cheers turn into jeers (and tears). U.S. News & World Report, 128 (19), 52. Retrieved February 2, 2005, from MasterFile Premier database. Mom! It’s only a game. (1999, December 10). Christian Science Monitor, 92(12), 11. Retrieved February 7, 2005, from MasterFile Premier database.

15. In text-citation Bookmarking your favorite APA citation website and referring to it often is the number one tip most students prefer when learning APA (“Zany ways,” 2004). Should match up with full citation in reference page………

16. References Hughes, M. (2004). How to Master APA Style. New York: Citation Central. Leigh, V., Mitchell, M., & Wilkes, A. (1993). Gone With the References. Atlanta: Reference Press. Zany ways to learn citation. (2004, May). Psychology Today, 98(11), 100-102.

17. When to quote or paraphrase  In general, paraphrase much, much more than you quote.  Use quotation for distinctive words (“ask not what your country can do for you,”), some statistics you cannot otherwise change, or dialogue.  Use paraphrase for everything else, trying always to simplify ideas for your readers.  Above all, do not use a series of paraphrases and quotations as your whole paragraph. This is a compilation of sources; we are writing original work, not repeating our sources’ ideas only. 17

18. The writer’s ideas supported by sources: School uniforms may level the playing field for students whose parents cannot or will not bow to fashion trends, but uniforms may also create a new battlefield for competition. Students look alike with the same colors and styles of clothing, but brand names and high price tags can still separate designer uniforms from discount versions. According to Johnson (2005), one in four students ranked uniform brand as the top priority for choosing clothing for school. Shoes and accessories increase the division between uniform brands and costs, but the benefits of uniforms may outweigh these potential problems. In fact, polls of thousands of secondary- school students indicate that young people would rather wear uniforms than so-called street clothes (Andersen, 2005). Parents tend to agree. A recent study shows that mothers rate school uniforms as “one of the top five stress reducers for the school day routine” (Kritchel, 2006, p. 75). All in all, uniforms seem destined for mixed reviews based on price versus convenience.