1. P RESENT P ERFECT VS P AST S IMPLE ENGLISH COURSE - GRAMMAR

2. E XPRESSING THE PAST : PRESENT PERFECT Past experiences: Events Actions Past experiences: which might have… consequences Effects Relevance

3. P RESENT P ERFECT F ORM Grammatical Structure: Subject + Auxiliary + verb in past participle + complement has have he it she you they I we Irregular verbs Regular verbs just - ed form as in Play ed

4. F UNCTIONS OF PRESENT PERFECT When the past events or actions: 1. affect the Present She has been drinking (= she is staggering). She has been on medication (= side-effects). 2. are likely (or possible) to be repeated or happen again in the future. She has been to the hospital. ( no reason to think she won’t be back ) 3. occur in an unfinished period of time. this year I have been out only twice this year. this month She has given her prescriptions this month. this week We haven’t eaten any meat this week. today You have smoked too much today.

5. E XPRESSING THE PAST : PAST SIMPLE Past experiences: Events Actions Past experiences: DO NOT which DO NOT have… consequences Effects Relevance

6. P AST S IMPLE : F ORM Grammatical Structure: Subject + verb in past simple form + complement Irregular verbs just Regular verbs just - ed form as in - ed form as in Play ed

7. F UNCTIONS OF P AST S IMPLE When the past events or actions: 1. Don’t affect the Present He was admitted to the hospital (= but he left an hour later). 2. occur in completed period of time. I went out only twice last year. She gave her a prescription last month. We didn’t eat any meat last week. You smoked too much yesterday. He had an operation last night.