1. Laboratory Ten The Circulatory System: Physiology

2. Circle of Willis (circulation to the brain)

3. Hepatic Portal Circulation (shunts blood from digestive organs to the liver for final metabolism and detoxification and from liver to the inferior vena cava for return to the heart)

4. Fetal Circulation (designed to by-pass fetal lung)

5. Lymphatic System (related to body defense mechanisms)

6. The Electrocardiogram: Recording of Heart Electrical Activity P wave Atrial depolarization Occurs before atrial contraction Generated by the firing of Sinoarterial (SA) node QRS complex Ventricular depolarization Occurs before ventricular contraction (systole) T wave Ventricular repolarization Occurs before ventricular relaxation (diastole)

7. Pulse & Blood Pressure Determine pulse rate manually in 5 different locations Measure systemic blood pressure using the peripheral pulses in the brachial artery Systolic pressure (first soft sound): generated by contraction of left ventricles Diastolic pressure (sound terminates): corresponds to relaxation of the left ventricle

8. Blood Typing Anti-SerumAgglutinationAntigen Anti-AYes‘A’ Present Anti-ANo‘A’ NOT Present Anti-BYes‘B’ Present Anti-BNo‘B’ NOT Present Anti-RhYes‘Rh’ Present Anti-RhNo‘Rh’ NOT Present

9. Blood Typing 2 drops of the synthetic blood of only one subject 2 drops of each anti-serum Mix with a separate toothpicks (avoid cross contamination) Place the slide on the Rh-typing box for 30-45sec while gently rocking the box Observe the wells for agglutination (RBC clumping) Record your results in your handout e.g.: –B - (agglutination in anti-B well) –O + (agglutination in anti-Rh well) –AB + (agglutination in Anti-A, -B,& -Rh wells) A B Rh Anti-B Anti-A Anti-Rh