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Enzymes: Basic concepts

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1 Enzymes: Basic concepts
CHMI 2227E Biochemistry I Enzymes: Basic concepts CHMI E.R. Gauthier, Ph.D.

2 Enzymes CHMI E.R. Gauthier, Ph.D.

3 Enzymes CHMI E.R. Gauthier, Ph.D.

4 Classes of enzymes CHMI E.R. Gauthier, Ph.D.

5 IUBMB enzyme nomenclature
Example: ATP: D-glucose-6 phosphotransferase (aka hexokinase) EC 2 = transferase 7 = phosphotransferase 1 = acceptor group is OH 1 = glucose binds the phosphate group ATP + D-glucose ADP D-glucose-6-phosphate CHMI E.R. Gauthier, Ph.D.

6 Classes of enzymes 1- Oxidoreductases 2- Transferases 3- Hydrolases
4- Lyases 5- Isomerases 6- Ligases CHMI E.R. Gauthier, Ph.D.

7 Classes of enzymes 1- Oxidoreductases 2- Transferases 3- Hydrolases
4- Lyases 5- Isomerases 6- Ligases A- + B A + B- A-B + C A + B-C A-B + H2O A-H + B-OH A=B + X-Y A-B X Y A-B X Y A + B A-B CHMI E.R. Gauthier, Ph.D.

8 Oxidoreductases Example: Lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27)
Lactate = substrate Pyruvate = product NAD+/NADH = co-factor CHMI E.R. Gauthier, Ph.D.

9 2. Transferases Example: Alanine transaminase (EC 2.6.1.2)
Alanine / a-ketoglutarate = substrates Pyruvate / L-glutamate = products CHMI E.R. Gauthier, Ph.D.

10 3. Hydrolases Example: diphosphate phosphohydrolase (EC 3.6.1.1)
Pyrophosphate / H2O = substrates Phosphate = product CHMI E.R. Gauthier, Ph.D.

11 4. Lyases (aka synthases) Example: Pyruvate decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.1)
Pyruvate = substrate Acetaldehyde and CO2 = products CHMI E.R. Gauthier, Ph.D.

12 5. Isomerases Example: Alanine racemase (EC 5.1.1.1)
L-alanine = substrate D-alanine = product CHMI E.R. Gauthier, Ph.D.

13 6. Ligases (aka synthetases) Example: L-glutamine synthetase (EC 6. 3
L-glutamate / NH4+ = substrates L-glutamine = product ATP = co-factor CHMI E.R. Gauthier, Ph.D.

14 How do enzymes work? CHMI E.R. Gauthier, Ph.D.

15 Enzymes and the energy barrier
CHMI E.R. Gauthier, Ph.D.

16 Enzymes and the energy barrier
DGŧ DG CHMI E.R. Gauthier, Ph.D.

17 Enzymes and the energy barrier
CHMI E.R. Gauthier, Ph.D.

18 Enzymes and the energy barrier
CHMI E.R. Gauthier, Ph.D.

19 The « lock and key » myth…
CHMI E.R. Gauthier, Ph.D.

20 The « lock and key » myth…
CHMI E.R. Gauthier, Ph.D.

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