3. Location: Brain – at the bottom of the third ventricle Tissue Type: Neural Hormone: - Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH) - Oxytocin Target Organ/Structure(s): Pituitary Glands

4. Two Parts: - Anterior - Posterior

5. Location: Base of the brain; above the roof of the mouth Tissue Type: Oral Ectoderm Hormone(s): - Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) - Luteinizing Hormone (LH) Target Organ/Structure(s): Ovary

7. Location: Base of brain, under the hypothalamus, behind the anterior pituitary Tissue Type: Neural Hormone(s): - Oxytocin (released from PP) Target Organ/Structure(s): - Mammary Gland (myoendothelial cell) - Myometrium

8. Location: Lower abdomen Tissue Type: Glandular/Gonadal Hormone(s): - Estrogen Endocrine Structure: Follicle Target Organ/Structure(s): Hypothalamus Function: Increase GnRH - Progesterone Endocrine Structure: Corpus Luteum Target Organ/Structure(s): Hypothalamus Function: Decrease GnRH

9. Hormone: - Prostaglandin F2α Target Organ/Structure: Ovary, specifically the corpus luteum Function: Lyses it, to restart cycle when no maternal recognition of pregnancy (MRP) occurs (no fertilized ova in uterus)

11. What are the two cycle types ?: 1) Menstrual 2) Estrus Why two different names?

12. Menstrual = is calculated from menses to menses, ovulation occurs in the middle of the cycle. (it is what we can see!; humans, primates, etc.) Estrus = is calculated from standing heat to standing heat, ovulation occurs 36 hours later (it is what we can see!; domestic animals)

13. HYPOTHALAMUS

14. GONADOTROPIN RELEASING HORMONE

15. HYPOTHALAMUS GONADOTROPIN RELEASING HORMONE ANTERIOR PITUITARY

16. HYPOTHALAMUS GONADOTROPIN RELEASING HORMONE ANTERIOR PITUITARY FSH LH

17. HYPOTHALAMUS GONADOTROPIN RELEASING HORMONE ANTERIOR PITUITARY FSH LH OVARY

18. HYPOTHALAMUS GONADOTROPIN RELEASING HORMONE ANTERIOR PITUITARY FSH LH OVARY FOLLICLE

19. HYPOTHALAMUS GONADOTROPIN RELEASING HORMONE ANTERIOR PITUITARY FSH LH OVARY FOLLICLE ESTROGEN

20. HYPOTHALAMUS GONADOTROPIN RELEASING HORMONE ANTERIOR PITUITARY FSH LH OVARY FOLLICLE ESTROGEN MORE!! + +

21. HYPOTHALAMUS GONADOTROPIN RELEASING HORMONE ANTERIOR PITUITARY FSH LH OVARY FOLLICLE ESTROGEN MORE!! + +

22. HYPOTHALAMUS GONADOTROPIN RELEASING HORMONE ANTERIOR PITUITARY FSHLH OVARY FOLLICLE ESTROGEN MORE!! + +

23. HYPOTHALAMUS GONADOTROPIN RELEASING HORMONE ANTERIOR PITUITARY FSHLH OVARY FOLLICLE ESTROGEN MORE!! + + (Surge Release)

24. HYPOTHALAMUS GONADOTROPIN RELEASING HORMONE ANTERIOR PITUITARY FSHLH OVARY OVULATION (Surge Release) OVA Down Oviduct

25. HYPOTHALAMUS GONADOTROPIN RELEASING HORMONE ANTERIOR PITUITARY FSHLH OVARY CORPUS LUTEUM

26. HYPOTHALAMUS GONADOTROPIN RELEASING HORMONE ANTERIOR PITUITARY FSHLH OVARY CORPUS LUTEUM PROGESTERONE

27. HYPOTHALAMUS GONADOTROPIN RELEASING HORMONE ANTERIOR PITUITARY FSHLH OVARY CORPUS LUTEUM PROGESTERONE LESS!! - -

28. HYPOTHALAMUS GONADOTROPIN RELEASING HORMONE ANTERIOR PITUITARY FSHLH OVARY CORPUS LUTEUM PROGESTERONE LESS!! - - MRP UTERUS

29. HYPOTHALAMUS GONADOTROPIN RELEASING HORMONE ANTERIOR PITUITARY FSHLH OVARY CORPUS LUTEUM PROGESTERONE LESS!! - - MRP UTERUS

30. HYPOTHALAMUS GONADOTROPIN RELEASING HORMONE ANTERIOR PITUITARY FSHLH OVARY CORPUS LUTEUM PROGESTERONE LESS!! - - NO!!!! MRP UTERUS

31. HYPOTHALAMUS GONADOTROPIN RELEASING HORMONE ANTERIOR PITUITARY FSHLH OVARY CORPUS LUTEUM PROGESTERONE LESS!! - - NO!!!! MRP UTERUS PROSTAGLANDIN F2α

32. HYPOTHALAMUS GONADOTROPIN RELEASING HORMONE ANTERIOR PITUITARY FSHLH OVARY CORPUS LUTEUM PROGESTERONE LESS!! - - NO!!!! MRP UTERUS PROSTAGLANDIN F2α

33. HYPOTHALAMUS GONADOTROPIN RELEASING HORMONE ANTERIOR PITUITARY FSH LH OVARY FOLLICLE ESTROGEN MORE!! + +

35. ESTROGEN

37. LUTEINIZING HORMONE

38. ESTROGEN LUTEINIZING HORMONE

39. ESTROGEN LUTEINIZING HORMONE PROGESTERONE

48. Location: Brain – at the bottom of the third ventricle Tissue Type: Neural Hormone: - Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH) - Oxytocin Target Organ/Structure(s): Pituitary Glands

49. Two Parts: - Anterior - Posterior

50. Location: Base of the brain; above the roof of the mouth Tissue Type: Oral Ectoderm Hormone(s): - Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) - Luteinizing Hormone (LH) Target Organ/Structure(s): Ovary

51. Location: Base of brain, under the hypothalamus, behind the anterior pituitary Tissue Type: Neural Hormone(s): - Oxytocin (released from PP) Target Organ/Structure(s): - Sperm Transport

52. Location: Scrotum/abdomen - varies Tissue Type: Glandular/Gonadal Hormone(s): - Estrogen Endocrine Structure: Sertoli Cell Target Organ/Structure(s): Hypothalamus Function: Increase GnRH - Testosterone Endocrine Structure: Leydig cell Target Organ/Structure(s): Sertoli Cell Function: Secrete nutrients for sperm

53. HYPOTHALAMUS

54. GONADOTROPIN RELEASING HORMONE

55. HYPOTHALAMUS GONADOTROPIN RELEASING HORMONE ANTERIOR PITUITARY

56. HYPOTHALAMUS GONADOTROPIN RELEASING HORMONE ANTERIOR PITUITARY FSH LH

57. HYPOTHALAMUS GONADOTROPIN RELEASING HORMONE ANTERIOR PITUITARY FSH LH Leydig Cells Basement Membrane Sertoli Cells Sperm

58. HYPOTHALAMUS GONADOTROPIN RELEASING HORMONE ANTERIOR PITUITARY FSH LH ESTROGEN Leydig Cells Basement Membrane Sertoli Cells Sperm

59. HYPOTHALAMUS GONADOTROPIN RELEASING HORMONE ANTERIOR PITUITARY FSH LH ESTROGEN MORE!! + + Leydig Cells Basement Membrane Sertoli Cells Sperm

60. Test LH Into Blood Nutrients FSH Estrogen Testosterone

61. The ULTIMATE nuclear weapon.  Produced: Testes  Stored: Caudal Epididymis  Accessory Glands:  Function: Provide nutrients for the sperm  Anatomy:

63. Cholesterol -Pregnenolone -Progesterone -17α OH Progesterone -Testosterone Estrogen

64.  SPECIECYCLE LENGTH GESTATION  Human28 days9 mo.  Cow21285 days  Sheep17147  Pig21114  Goat21150  Horse22336

65. 1) Facilitate A.I. 2) Intensify A.I 3) Efficient use of labor 4) Heat detection efficiency 5) Earlier pregnancy 6) Shorter breeding period 7) Sell uniform calves 8) E.T. program

66. - Prostaglandin - Progesterone - GnRH

68. MGA = Melengesterol Acetate (progesterone) added to feed

69. Controlled Internal Drug-Releasing insert

70. Gonadotropin releasing hormone – causes ovulation via LH surge

71. Primary: Standing to be mounted Secondary: Aids:

73. Primary: Standing to be mounted Secondary: Mounting other cows; red vulva; Mucous discharge; restless, excitable, bawling Aids: Kamar, Tail paint; Chin Marker, Heat watch

75.  Storage › Semen Tank (-320 F) › Extenders, Milk or Yolk, and Glycerol (cryopreservent) › 6 ml semen in ejaculate › 1.5 billion sperm/ml › Want 18-20 million sperm/straw

76.  Thaw › 93-95 F in water › 30 – 40 seconds › Dry off straw › Put in gun › Sheath › Cover, put in pants

77.  Deposition › Insert A.I. gun at 45 degree angle  Be cautious of urethra and bladder › Feed gun through cervix › 5 second deposition

79.  Donor = Eggs  Recipient = Gestation  Superovulation: › Hormone: Follicle Stimulating Hormone › Atresia versus recruitment

80.  Recipient – Synchronization › Within 24 hours of donor  Flushing › Saline Solution  Implanting › A.I. Gun