1. The expansion of Greek Culture and Government Pages 146-156

2. Greek religion – Polytheistic. 12 main gods The Olympians. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eJCm8W5RZes https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eJCm8W5RZes – The Olympians “lived” at Mount. Olympus. – Main Olympians: Zeus: chief God Athena: Wisdom and craft Artemis: moon Ares: war Aphrodite: love Poseidon: sea and – Greeks consider religion necessary to the well being of them and the state. – They honor the gods by doing rituals and festivals to win their favor. Example Olympics http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K8ztMlmavBw http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K8ztMlmavBw – Buildings dedicated to the gods. Example: Parthenon dedicated to Athena https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DUL0buet3S0

3. What is mythology? Myth is a sacred narrative usually explaining how the world or humankind came to be in its present form. Greeks and Romans used mythology to explain the origins of the world. http://greece.mrdonn.org/greekgods/pandora.html http://greece.mrdonn.org/greekgods/pandora.html Myths typically involve supernatural characters.

4. What is Democracy? A government in which the supreme power is vested in the people and exercised by them directly or indirectly through a system of representation usually involving periodically held free elections.

5. Greek Democracy By around 650 BC, there were great tension between social classes. – The tyrants a group of leaders fought for the rights of the people and to reduce the power of the aristocrats. Council of 400 - introduced by Solomon. Four hundred men participated in popular assembly. Cleisthenes – Added 100 to the council of 400 and granted 18 yr. old Greek men the right to be elected to office. Pericles – political leader. During the Age of Pericles, Athens blossomed as a center of education, art, culture, and democracy. Made public office accessible to regular citizens and gave the a salary.

6. The rise of Sparta and Athens Sparta Society focus on military activity. Formed a powerful army. Government: Oligarchy (ruled by a small group of people) Athens Society focus on philosophy and politics. Adopted a democratic system in favor of the people. (excluded women, slaves and foreigners) Had one of the greatest Navy of its time

7. Classical Greece 500-400 BC Prosperous period associated with Greece victory on Persia and the Peloponnesian war Persian War 492-449 BC Greece vs. Persia – Sparta joined Athens to fight against Persia. Why? – Persia decided to defend its colonies and conquer the Greeks. Who won? – The Athenian naval fleet defeated the Persians with the help of the Spartan after almost 50 years of war. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8M4w-82iVXs Peloponnesian War Athens vs. Sparta Why? – Athens planned to extend its rule to other cities, including some headed by Sparta. Effect on Greece – Sparta won but it led to a significant decline in Greek culture – The division among Greek cities help the Macedonian kingdom obtain power of Greece.

8. Alexander and the Hellenistic Era 334-30 BC After Peloponnesian war the division of Greek cities help King Philip II of Macedonia to take over Greece in 338 BC. Alexander, the son of Philip II, took over after his father death. Under the leadership of Alexander the Great, Macedonians and Greeks united to invade and conquer the Persian Empire. (defeated king Darius III) Alexander conquered many lands, in them Greeks and non-Greeks formed a new society. He found many cities and city squares bearing his name. Ex: Alexandria in Egypt. http://www.biography.com/people/alexander-the-great- 9180468http://www.biography.com/people/alexander-the-great- 9180468 This time of Greek expansion and domination became known as Hellenistic Period. – Hellenistic cities became centers for the spread of Greek language, art, politics architecture, and literature.