1. Baltimore Polytechnic Institute November 21/22, 2011 A.P. U.S. History Mr. Green

2. Objectives: explain the spirit and meaning of the Manifest Destiny that inspired American expansionism in the 1840s. Outline the major conflicts between Britain and the United States over debts, Maine, Canada, Texas, Oregon, and growing British hostility to slavery. Explain why the U.S. government increasingly saw the independent Texas Republic as a threat and sought to pursue annexation AP Focus A member of the Democratic Party, John Tyler, becomes the Whig’s vice-presidential candidate in 1840. When President William Henry Harrison dies just one month into his term, Tyler, much to the distress of Whig party loyalists, such as Henry Clay, is elevated to the presidency. Manifest Destiny, the belief that the United States is divinely inspired to spread across the continent, becomes the rationale for widespread territorial expansion. Critics repudiate it as nothing short of unbridled imperialism.

3. CHAPTER THEMES American expansionism gained momentum in the 1840s, leading first to the acquisition of Texas and Oregon, and then to the Mexican War, which added vast southwestern territories to the United States and ignited the slavery question American international prestige grows as the United States expands. Successful military campaigns against Mexico along with well- negotiated treaties with Britain force Europe to respect America more, while Latin America begins to be wary of the Colossus of the North.

4. Mexican War Chart Election Charts 1844 & 1848 Decades Chart 1840’s

5. Harrison dies 4 weeks into his presidency Tyler accused of being a Democrat in Whig clothes Whig Party was 1. pro-bank 2. pro-protective tariff 3. pro-internal improvements Whig Congress pushed: 1. Ended independent treasury system-signed 2. Fiscal Bank-vetoed 3. Fiscal Corporation-vetoed 4. Tariff-vetoed 5. Tariff of 1842-signed entire cabinet resigned except Daniel Webster serious attempt to impeach

6. Travelers thumbed their noses at America Authors denied royalties without a copyright law America a borrower nation England a lender nation Caroline incident-1837 American steamer carried supplies to insurgents fighting in Canada for freedom British force attacked the Caroline-1 American dead 3 years later, state of New York tried one Canadian- found innocent Britain wanted war if he was found guilty Creole incident-1841 British officials in the Bahamas offered asylum for 130 Virginia slaves that captured the Creole

7. Aroostook War Fight over Maine boundary U.S. retained 7,000 of 12,000 disputed square miles as the Canadian border was set further west, iron ore was discovered later in the Mesabi Range of Minnesota

8. Texas has quasi-independence since 1836 Mexico refused to recognize its independence 2 half-hearted attempts at reclaiming Texas talks to France, Holland and Belgium Britain interested in an independent Texas 1. buffer 2. Challenge Monroe Doctrine 3. Fragment and militarize America 4. Free-trade location 5. Cotton

9. Texas became issue in the 1844 election James K. Polk-Democrat, wins Instead of Treaty, Tyler calls for joint resolution that requires a majority, not 2/3 Tyler signs annexation 3 days before he leaves office Mexico angry over Americans annexation- claimed they stole it from them. Texas was independent since 1836 9 year wait-is this long enough??

10. America disputed with Britain over area north of the Columbia River. The U.S. population was far greater than Britain’s in this disputed area.

11. Whigs-Henry Clay received 105 electoral votes Democrats-James K. Polk received 170 electoral votes Manifest Destiny-Oregon, Texas Tariff slavery Bank internal improvements

12.  Begin reading all of Chapter 17  5 Question reading check at the beginning of class on Tuesday  Work on Charts.