1. Misplaced Parts & Dangling Modifiers

2. Misplaced Parts  Test questions ask you to identify the most clear and concise grammatically correct sentence.  Sometimes multiple sentences will be “correct,” but you need to consider the least wordy and most clear statement.  Many times the sentence is unclear because of misplaced modifiers. The basic rule is to keep related parts of a sentence together.  Be careful with adverbs only, just, almost, nearly, even, hardly, and merely.

3.  I bought a jacket in a Westwood shop made of leather.  I bought a jacket made of leather in a Westwood shop.  The soprano had dreamed of singing at the Met for many years.  For many years, the soprano had dreamed of singing at the Met.

4. Dangling Modifiers – phrases that have nothing to modify.  Waiting for the bus, the sun came out.  While we were waiting for the bus, the sun came out.  By working very hard, better grades will result.  By working very hard, you will get better grades.  To make cookies, sugar and flour are needed.  To make cookies, you need sugar and flour.