1. Kingdom Protista Unicellular plants and animals

2. General Information Protista, from the Greek protistos = first Diverse group Aka Algae & Protozoa Most are Unicellular exception: Volvox is colonial

3. Characteristics 1. Eukaryotic (have a nucleus)

4. Characteristics 2. Feeding Patterns a. Autotrophs (plant-like) b. Heterotrophs (animal-like) c. Saprophytes (absorb food like fungi do) d. Parasites (pathogens)

5. 3. Habitats Almost anywhere there is water

6. 5. Origins First eukaryotes probably endosymbionts ✰ Bacteria living inside other bacteria evolved to become organelles Cyanobacteria inside protist Cyanophora

7. 5. Reproduction a. Alternation of Generations ☯ switch btwn. asexual repro. (spores) & sexual repro. (gametes) & back again

8. 6. Multicellularity ❀ Cells specialized for f(x)s ❀ Division of labor ❀ E.g. holdfast cell, gamete-forming cells Holdfast cell

9. 7. Classification by Exclusion ✿ If organism doesn’t belong in any other phylum, put it in this one! I.e. Weirdos go in this group!

10. 8. Protist Groups a. Pseudopodia for locomotion = “false feet” Animal-like, parasites AMOEBAS E.g. ★ Amoeba E.g. Entamoeba histolytica (amoebic dysentary)

11. 8. Protist Groups b. Foraminifera Source of CaCo 3 (calcium carbonate / chalk) E.g. The white cliffs of Dover

12. 8. Protist Groups c. Diatoms Photosynthetic, unicellular, double shells of SiO 3(glass)

13. 8. Protist Groups d. Green Algae plant-like protists E.g. ★ Volvox, endosymbionts of jellyfish

14. 8. Protist Groups e. Red Algae Source of agar (growth medium for bacteria)

15. 8. Protist Groups f. Brown Algae E.g. kelp

16. 8. Protist Groups Protists with Flagella (animal-like) g. Dinoflagellates E.g. Gonyaulux Capable of bioluminescence (glowing in the dark) the red tide makes scallops toxic to humans

17. Red (Crimson) Tide

18. 8. Protist Groups h. Zoomastigina ✰ Trichonympha in termites digest wood (cellulose) ✰ Causes giardia / backpackers’ disease

19. 8. Protist Groups i. Euglenoids e.g. ★ Euglena ★ use flagella to move

20. 8. Protist Groups j. Cilia for locomotion - Ciliates) ★ Paramecium

21. 8. Protist Groups k. Slime Molds Cellular Acellular

22. 8. Protist Groups l. Water Molds E.g. potato blight Caused potato famine in Ireland 1845-1847 400,000 starved

23. 8. Protist Groups m. ★ Sporozoans Cannot move themselves Move via vectors = transmit a disease from one animal to another

24. m. ★ Sporozoans EXAMPLES: E.g. Plasmodium (causes malaria) vector = Anopheles mosquito E.g. Toxoplasmolysis (from cat feces causes fetal death) E.g. African sleeping sickness vector = tsetse fly