1. Proteins

2.  Main function: Growth and repair of body cells Used to make hormones, enzymes, and antibodies

3. What is a Protein?  Made up of amino acids  Composed of a combination of carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen

4. What is a Protein?  During digestion, proteins are broken down into amino acids and absorbed through the intestinal wall  When the body needs to repair cells/tissues these absorbed acids are used

5. Amino Acids Fall into 2 Categories

6. Essential Amino Acids (9)  Not manufactured in the body  Have to come from the food you eat  If a food contains all 9 amino acids it is called a complete protein source (i.e. meat)  If a food does not contain all 9 acids it is an incomplete protein source (i.e. plants)

7. Non-Essential Amino Acids (11)  Can be manufactured by the body

8.  The body needs all 20 amino acids to function properly.  If even one acid is missing, tissue building and repair will not occur.

9. Complementary Proteins  Incomplete proteins can be combined to provide complete proteins (i.e. legumes and rice).

10. Carbohydrates

11.  Primary source of energy  Cheapest and most easily digested form of fuel

12. Simple Carbohydrates  Consist of : 1. Monosaccharides: Single sugar units Smallest carb molecule Types include: glucose (found in many foods) and fructose (found in fruit)

13. Simple Carbohydrates 2. Disaccharides Two sugar units Types include: sucrose – table sugar (glucose + fructose), lactose – found in milk ( glucose + galactose)

14.  Both mono and disaccharides are known as sugars

15. Complex Carbohydrates  Larger, more intricate molecules

16. Complex Carbohydrates  Consist of:  Polysaccharides Made up of many sugar units Include starch and fibres

17.  Disaccharides and Polysaccharides must be broken down into Monosaccharides during digestion

18. Why?  The only way for body cells to use carbs is in the form of glucose  Fructose and galactose are converted into glucose by your liver

19. Why Eat Complex Carbs Then?  Complex carbs, in general, have more health and nutrition benefits.  Why?

20. Complex Carbs (i.e. starches) 1. Can be burned very efficiently for fuel 2. Make you feel full longer 3. Are often excellent sources of vitamins, minerals, and fibre.

21. Simple Carbs (i.e. sugars) 1. Are often refined sugars – added for taste 2. Are not accompanied by any other nutrients 3. Increase the calories in food without increasing the health benefits.