1. 7.5 Acid-Base Neutralization Reactions

2. Neutralization
When acids and bases are mixed together the reaction is called neutralization. The products of these reactions are often solutions of new compounds in water. Neutralization reactions are a special case of the double displacement reaction.
AB + CD  AD + CB

3. Neutralization
As an acid is added to a base the base is gradually consumed. When all the base has reacted, the result is a neutral solution of a salt and water. A salt is a compound made up of a positive and negative ion (ionic compound)

4. Example 1
Example 1: Hydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide  water + sodium chloride

5. Example 1
Example 2: Sulfuric acid + potassium hydroxide  water + potassium chloride

6. Acids + Bases
When an acid and base are combined they react in a __________________ reaction.
Acids donate ______ cations
Bases donate ________ anions
________________ is this type of reaction ________________.

7. Acids + Bases
acid + base  water + ionic compound For example… HCl(aq) + KOH(aq)  H2O(l) + KCl(aq)

8. Why is this important? Treating chemical spills
150’000 L of sulfuric acid in Englehart, Ontario
Treated with calcium oxide
Chemical spill, 2 step neutralization reaction
CaO(s) + H2O(l)  Ca(OH)2(aq)
Ca(OH)2 + H2SO4(aq) 2H2O(l) + CaSO4(aq)
Medicine
Antacids
-Stomach produces a solution of hydrochloric acid with pH as low as 1.5
-usually antacids have hydroxide and carbonate compounds
-milk of magnesia contains magnesium hydroxide, can swallow without getting a chemical burn
-2HCl(aq) + Mg(OH)2(aq)  2H20(l) + MgCl2(aq)

9. Why is this important? Medicine Stomach antacids Medicine Antacids
-Stomach produces a solution of hydrochloric acid with pH as low as 1.5
-usually antacids have hydroxide and carbonate compounds
-milk of magnesia contains magnesium hydroxide, can swallow without getting a chemical burn
-2HCl(aq) + Mg(OH)2(aq)  2H20(l) + MgCl2(aq)

10. Acids and metals
When an acid reacts with a metal, it produces a compound with the cation of the metal and the anion of the acid, and hydrogen gas.
Ex.
Hydrochloric acid + zinc  hydrogen gas + zinc chloride
2HCl(aq) + Zn(s)  H2(g) + ZnCl2(aq)

13. Acids + Bases
When an acid and base are combined they react in a __________________ reaction.
Acids donate ______ cations
Bases donate ________ anions
________________ is this type of reaction ________________.

14. Acids + Bases
acid + base  water + ionic compound For example… HCl(aq) + KOH(aq)  H2O(l) + KCl(aq)

15. Why is this important? Treating chemical spills
150’000 L of sulfuric acid in Englehart, Ontario
Treated with calcium oxide
Chemical spill, 2 step neutralization reaction
CaO(s) + H2O(l)  Ca(OH)2(aq)
Ca(OH)2 + H2SO4(aq) 2H2O(l) + CaSO4(aq)
Medicine
Antacids
-Stomach produces a solution of hydrochloric acid with pH as low as 1.5
-usually antacids have hydroxide and carbonate compounds
-milk of magnesia contains magnesium hydroxide, can swallow without getting a chemical burn
-2HCl(aq) + Mg(OH)2(aq)  2H20(l) + MgCl2(aq)

16. Why is this important? Medicine Stomach antacids Medicine Antacids
-Stomach produces a solution of hydrochloric acid with pH as low as 1.5
-usually antacids have hydroxide and carbonate compounds
-milk of magnesia contains magnesium hydroxide, can swallow without getting a chemical burn
-2HCl(aq) + Mg(OH)2(aq)  2H20(l) + MgCl2(aq)

17. Acids and metals
When an acid reacts with a metal, it produces a compound with the cation of the metal and the anion of the acid, and hydrogen gas.
Ex.
Hydrochloric acid + zinc  hydrogen gas + zinc chloride
2HCl(aq) + Zn(s)  H2(g) + ZnCl2(aq)

20. Acids + Bases
acid + base  water + ionic compound For example… HCl(aq) + KOH(aq)  H2O(l) + KCl(aq)

21. Why is this important? Treating chemical spills
150’000 L of sulfuric acid in Englehart, Ontario
Treated with calcium oxide
Chemical spill, 2 step neutralization reaction
CaO(s) + H2O(l)  Ca(OH)2(aq)
Ca(OH)2 + H2SO4(aq) 2H2O(l) + CaSO4(aq)
Medicine
Antacids
-Stomach produces a solution of hydrochloric acid with pH as low as 1.5
-usually antacids have hydroxide and carbonate compounds
-milk of magnesia contains magnesium hydroxide, can swallow without getting a chemical burn
-2HCl(aq) + Mg(OH)2(aq)  2H20(l) + MgCl2(aq)

22. Why is this important? Medicine Stomach antacids Medicine Antacids
-Stomach produces a solution of hydrochloric acid with pH as low as 1.5
-usually antacids have hydroxide and carbonate compounds
-milk of magnesia contains magnesium hydroxide, can swallow without getting a chemical burn
-2HCl(aq) + Mg(OH)2(aq)  2H20(l) + MgCl2(aq)

23. Acids and metals
When an acid reacts with a metal, it produces a compound with the cation of the metal and the anion of the acid, and hydrogen gas.
Ex.
Hydrochloric acid + zinc  hydrogen gas + zinc chloride
2HCl(aq) + Zn(s)  H2(g) + ZnCl2(aq)

25. WORK RIGHT NOW #jk GO Page 281
1, 2 (test hint hint) 3a) test hint hint 4) 5) (this one’s a brain tickler) 6, 7 (need to read text)