1. Introduction to the Social and Cultural Study of Music Martin Stokes

2. The Social and Cultural Study of Music “Music historians drew on three patently incongruous axioms as though they were self-evident truths: (1) that outstanding composers ‘made’ music history (histories of eighteenth- and ninteenth-century music in particular turned into stylised heroiades); (2) that musical genres evolve in the same way as natural organisms (as though music history were part of natural history); and (3) that this evolution in the musical culture of a nation expresses and embodies its ‘national spirit’ (as though north and south Germany shared a common ‘national music history).” Carl Dahlhaus, Foundations of Music History, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1983: 131) (Grundlagen der Musikgeschichte, Cologne: Gerig, 1967)

3. The Social and Cultural Study of Music: Responses to Music History’s ‘crisis’. Music history (critical theory, ‘post-modernism’, post- structuralism) Music theory/analysis (structuralism, formalism) Ethnomusicology (anthropology) Popular music studies (sociology, ‘cultural studies’)

4. The Social and Cultural Study of Music: Ethnomusicology ‘Montaigne, 1580, ‘Des Cannibales’, Jean de Lery in Rio de Janeiro; sameness. Orientalism; the Napoleonic expedition to Egypt (1798); difference. “Umfang, Methode und Ziel der Musikwissenschaft” (Adler 1885); Vergleichende Musikwissenschaft - ‘Comparative Musicology’ Music psychology; sound recording archives; Edison’s phonograph; ‘Kulturkreise ethnology (1920-30s). ‘Ethno-musicology’; the anthropology of music; Jaap Kunst (1950); the North American turn; ‘ethnography’, ‘field work’.

5. The Social and Cultural Study of Music: Southeast Asia, Australasia and Melanesia 1 Karawitan Central Javanese Gamelan Ben Brinner, Marc Perlman

6. The Social and Cultural Study of Music: Southeast Asia, Australasia and Melanesia 2 Wangga Daly Region, North Australia Allan Marret

7. The Social and Cultural Study of Music: Southeast Asia, Australasia and Melanesia 3 Gisalo Papua New Guinea Steven Feld