2. When did the Reformation occur? Middle Ages – a.k.a. “Age of Faith” or “Dark Ages” RenaissanceReformation ~500 - ~1450~1300 - ~1600~1500 - ~1650

3. To express strong objection To change or improve PROTESTant REFORMation

4. Catholic Church Corruption  Power struggle between Popes & Kings  Wealth Simony – buying or selling of a position in the Church

5. Catholic Church Corruption  Power struggle between Popes & Kings  Wealth Indulgences – a pardon purchased to absolve sin

7. The Great Schism  Church HQ is moved to Avignon, France  Next 6 Popes live in France; Pope Gregory moved back to Rome in 1377  Conflict btwn the French monarchs & the Church (Pope)

8. Papal Schism  Rome Pope  Three Popes  Avignon Pope  Church council elects 3 rd Pope

9. Papal Schism Caused arguments about which man holding the position of pope was the true pope. Ended with the Council of Constance (1414); all three were forced to resign, and a new pope was elected.

10. Calls for Reform  John Wycliffe ~ questioned papal authority  Jan Hus ~ criticized vast wealth  Desiderius Erasmus ~ attacked corruption

11. Martin Luther  German monk, theologian, & father of Protestantism  Critical of indulgences  Believed salvation is a FREE gift from God, obtained by faith

12. Martin Luther  German monk, theologian, & father of Protestantism  Critical of Pope  Believed the Bible is the only true source of Christian doctrine

13. Martin Luther  German monk, theologian, & father of Protestantism  In 1517, Luther nailed the Ninety-Five Theses to the door of the church in Wittenberg, Germany (Holy Roman Empire)

15. Catholic Response  Pope Leo X demands Luther recant The Ninety-Five Theses  Luther is brought before the Diet of Worms  1521: Luther is excommunicated