1. Prerequisites to Civilization OR What are the shared characteristics of civilizations?

2. Group Discussion What is Civilization? What does Civilization Mean?

5. Group Discussion What characteristics are common to every civilization?

6. What do these Civilizations Have in Common? Ur, ca 2000 BCE Random American City, ca 2000 CE

8. Tablet recording Tax Payment ca. 2500 BCE

9. Sumerian slaves ca 2300 BCE

12. Oldest Example of Sumerian Case Law, ca 2050 BCE NB: This is not a law code, but an example of case law, that is a discussion of a case and its resolution to be consulted when similar trials occur.

13. Hammurabi’s Code ca 1700 BCE

14. Cuneiform  Developed by the Sumerians beginning in 3000 BCE  Developed as pictographs, then evolved into phonological symbols by about between 2000 and 1000 BCE

15. Accounting…

16. Cuneiform Letter-Tablet ca. 2600 BCE

17. Ziggurat of UR, ca 2100 BCE (MODEL RECONSTRUCTION)

18. Fast Pottery (Utilitarian) from Ur

19. Artistic Innovations

20. Norte-Chico Society

23. Important Themes and Terms  Definition of civilization (civitas) –Problems of definition  Agricultural surplus  Exchange of ideas –Trade networks –cities  Permanency –Government –Writing