1. The Secret of Japan’s Modernization and Reconstruction 1868-1945-1968-1971-1986-1989-2001- 2009

2. 2016/3/32 Most large cities (60 cities) in Japan were devastated by the carpet bombing in 1945.

3. 2016/3/33

4. 2016/3/34 Super Special Express Nozomi runs 180 mph (since1964)

6. 2016/3/36

7. Honda Hydrogen Car from 2012

8. Honda FCX Clarity: Hydrogen Engine (Monthly Lease for 600 $ in California)

10. Digital Camera 84%

11. 和洋折衷住宅

18. 18 Ａｔｈｌｅｔｉｃ Ｍｅｅｔ in Japanese junior high schools Uniformity, Harmony, Cooperation

19. 19 Ａｔｈｌｅｔｉｃ Ｍｅｅｔ in Japanese junior high schools The Slogan is Self-independence, Creativity and Strong Will

20. . 和 wa 魂 kon 洋 yo 才 sai * Education and High Literacy Rate * Education and High Literacy Rate * 和魂洋才（ Wa ・ Kon ・ Yo ・ Sai ） * 和魂洋才（ Wa ・ Kon ・ Yo ・ Sai ） Japanese spirit, cultural identity combined with Western knowledge Japanese spirit, cultural identity combined with Western knowledge * Japanese Situational Ethics * Japanese Situational Ethics 1868-1945 1868-1945 1971 1971 1986-2001 1986-2001 1989- 1989- 2009 2009 * Japanese Prototypes in technology, business strategy and education based on and developed by Wa Kon Yo Sai. * Japanese Prototypes in technology, business strategy and education based on and developed by Wa Kon Yo Sai.

21. Situational Ethics ： From expelling to Adoration 排外 ( はいがい ) から拝外（はいがい）へ ① 1853-1867 ① 1853-1867 Xenophobia and fear keep foreigners out (principle of expelling foreigners- 攘夷 ) Xenophobia and fear keep foreigners out (principle of expelling foreigners- 攘夷 ) ② Japanese young leaders realized the Western power and learned their wisdom and technology. ② Japanese young leaders realized the Western power and learned their wisdom and technology. ③ 1868 Meiji Restoration ③ 1868 Meiji Restoration 和魂洋才 (Wa Kon Yo Sai) Japanese Spirit combined by Western knowledge 和魂洋才 (Wa Kon Yo Sai) Japanese Spirit combined by Western knowledge Every year Meiji Government employed 600 British, American, French and German Engineers. Their pay is more than the income of Prime Minister. Altogether ６０００ engineers and experts were welcome from abroad. Every year Meiji Government employed 600 British, American, French and German Engineers. Their pay is more than the income of Prime Minister. Altogether ６０００ engineers and experts were welcome from abroad. (Ex. Textile from Lyon, France, Constitution from Germany, Parliament from UK, Technology from US) (Ex. Textile from Lyon, France, Constitution from Germany, Parliament from UK, Technology from US) ④ 1945 From Militarism to Demilitarization and ④ 1945 From Militarism to Demilitarization and Democratization Democratization ⑤ 1971 1989 1986-2001 2009 ⑤ 1971 1989 1986-2001 2009

22. Wa kon Yo sai (Japanese Spirit combined with Western Knowledge) and Japanese Situational Ethics 1868: Meiji Restoration by learning Western technology, systems and knowledge 1945: Demilitarization and Democratization for productive economy 1968: Japan became the Second largest Economy in the world next to USA (QC: Quality Control and TQC: Total Quality Control) 1991-2001: Employing foreign presidents to learn from others Sony employed Sir Howard Stringer from UK. He is a British- American businessman. In 2005 He became the Chairman and CEO of the Sony Corporation responsible for the whole of Sony including its media and electronics subsidiaries.

23. Carlos Ghosn, He is the current CEO and President of Nissan of Japan. Carlos Ghosn, KBE (Arabic: كارلوس غصن‎ ; born 9 March 1954) is a Brazil-born Lebanese businessman. He is the current CEO and President of Renault of France and Nissan of Japan. He is largely credited with turning around. Carols Ghosn Carlos Ghosn, the troubleshooter charged with reviving Nissan Motor Co. (NSANY), likes to be called the ''Icebreaker.''

24. From ultra-militarism to Democratization of Japan Before the war Before the war Education focused on loyalty to the Emperor and nation state Education focused on loyalty to the Emperor and nation state diligence and duty diligence and duty After the war After the war Democracy, strong economy, security, peace and equality Democracy, strong economy, security, peace and equality Income distribution is far more equitable than US (Dower) and other industrial nations today. Income distribution is far more equitable than US (Dower) and other industrial nations today.

25. Patterns and Prototypes Patterns and Prototypes 和 Wa 魂 Kon 洋 Yo 才 Sai 和 Wa 魂 Kon 洋 Yo 才 Sai brought Japanese prototypes in all fields. brought Japanese prototypes in all fields. Kata, 型, 道 Kata, 型, 道 Many Schools in Judo, Karate, Flower Many Schools in Judo, Karate, Flower Arrangement, calligraphy, Tea ceremony Arrangement, calligraphy, Tea ceremony Architecture, construction, production Architecture, construction, production

26. 2016/3/326 What is the Secret of Japan’s Modernization? 1.The power of Education (High literacy rate in Edo period 藩校, 寺子屋） （ 6 year compulsory education １８ 86 学校令） (9 year compulsory education 1947 学校教育法 ) Education and the growth of GDP 1950-1970 Education and the growth of GDP 1950-1970 2. Japanese Work Ethic influenced by Confucianism in a Learning and Borrowing Society 3. 和 wa 魂 kon 洋 yo 才 sai 3. 和 wa 魂 kon 洋 yo 才 sai (Innovating Cultural Hybridity) (Innovating Cultural Hybridity) Japanese spirit combined with Western knowledge, expertise and wisdom without losing Japanese cultural identities = Techno-Democracy Japanese spirit combined with Western knowledge, expertise and wisdom without losing Japanese cultural identities = Techno-Democracy

27. 2016/3/327 What is the Secret of Japan’s Modernization? 4. Harmony rather than Confrontation Coexistence of Buddhism and Shintoism Coexistence of Buddhism and Shintoism Group Harmony and group competition for effective productivity in most Japanese companies, schools and organizations Group Harmony and group competition for effective productivity in most Japanese companies, schools and organizations 5.The Unification of Japan in 1603 6. Being on the periphery (Off center concept) = Awareness of Japan as a small island nation without natural resources 7. Pacifism except (1905-1945 Japan ’ s dark age) (Article 9 of the Japanese Constitution) 8. The economic support to Japan from USA and other nations