2. Carbohydrates Name______________ 1

3. Carbohydrates  Building block molecules =  Made of only Carbon, Hydrogn, Oxygen sugar sugar - sugar - sugar - sugar - sugar sugars 2

4. sucrose Carbohydrates  Function:  quick energy  energy storage  structure  cell wall in plants  Examples  sugars  starches  cellulose (cell wall) glucose C 6 H 12 O 6 starch 3

5. Sugars = building blocks  Names for sugars usually end in  glucose  fructose  sucrose  maltose OH H H HO CH 2 OH H H H OH O glucose C 6 H 12 O 6 sucrose fructose -ose 4

6. Building carbohydrates  Dehydration Synthesis | glucose | glucose simple sugar = monosaccharide double sugar = disaccharide | maltose mono = one saccharide = sugar di = two 5

7. Building carbohydrates  Dehydration Synthesis | fructose | glucose simple sugar = monosaccharide | sucrose (table sugar) double sugar = disaccharide How sweet it is! 6

8. BIG carbohydrates-polysaccharides  starch  energy storage in plants potatoes  glycogen  energy storage in animals in liver & muscles  cellulose  structure in plants cell walls  chitin  structure in arthropods & fungi exoskeleton poly = many 7

9. Building BIG carbohydrates glucose + glucose + glucose… = starch (plant) -roots -fruits glycogen (animal) -liver cells -muscle cells energy storage polysaccharide 8

10. Cellulose  Cell walls in plants  herbivores can digest cellulose well  most carnivores cannot digest cellulose  that’s why they eat meat to get their energy & nutrients  cellulose = fiber  stays undigested  keeps material moving in your intestines 9

11. Polysaccharides 10

12. Digesting Carbohydrates = Hydrolysis! 11

13. Helpful bacteria  How can cows and termites digest cellulose so well whereas humans CANNOT?  BACTERIA live in their stomachs & help digest cellulose-rich (grass) meals Eeeew… Chewing cud? 12