1. “...we must consider, what state all men are naturally in, and that is, a state of perfect freedom to order their actions..." John Locke

4. 4

6. 6 Magna Carta 1215 LIMITED the POWER of government (specifically, the Monarchy) Established a PRINCIPLE of FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS of citizens TAXATION W/O REPRESENTION (#12) TRIAL BY JURY (#39, 52, 56) DUE PROCESS of Law (#40)

7. 7 Petition of Right 1628 LIMITED the POWER of government even further - EVEN KINGS must obey the law of the land Elevated the power of PARLIAMENT (REPRESENTATIONAL GOVERNMENT) NO IMPRISONMENT W/O JURY TRIAL NO MARTIAL LAW DURING PEACETIME NO MANDATORY QUARTERING OF TROOPS NO TAXATION W/O PARLIAMENT’S CONSENT

8. 8 English Bill of Rights 1689

9. 9 English Bill of Rights 1689 LIMITED the POWER of government EVEN MORE - British Citizens Affirmed principle HABEAS CORPUS (“you must have the body”) FREEDOM OF RELIGION (partially) FREEDOM OF SPEECH (Parliament) FREEDOM OF PETITION RIGHT TO BEAR ARMS PROTECTION AGAINST EXCESSIVE BAILS AND “CRUEL AND UNUSUAL PUNISHMENT”

10. 10 John Locke (1632-1704)

11. 11 Locke’s Second Treatise on Civil Government Mankind is FREE and EQUAL by nature INSTEAD OF subject to monarchial rule Mankind’s NATURAL RIGHTS are to protect LIFE, LIBERTY & PROPERTY (POSSESSIONS) LIMITED GOVERNMENT Man has a RIGHT TO REVOLT