1. Exercise Programming Cardiovascular and Metabolic Fitness http://www.nbcnews.com/watch/nightly- news/new-study-finds-lack-of-exercise- is-deadlier-than-obesity-384976963735

2. Key Questions What’s the difference between exercise, sport, and physical activity?

3. Definitions Physical Activity – bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that requires energy expenditure.

4. Physical Activity This can include sport, exercise, recreational activities that require movement, activities of daily living, human powered transportation, physical labor, etc.

5. Incidental Physical Activity Physical activity that one performs as part of daily living, not including that activity done as part of exercise, sport, or work. Examples include human powered transportation, taking the stairs, etc.

6. Definitions Physical Inactivity – a level of activity less than that needed to maintain good health.

7. Definitions Exercise – a type of physical activity. A planned, structured, and repetitive bodily movement done to improve or maintain one or more components of physical fitness.

8. Definitions Sport – a form of physical activity which involves competition.

9. Definitions Metabolism – the transfer of energy First Law of Thermodynamics – Energy can neither be created nor destroyed.

10. Definitions Metabolic Fitness – a healthy balance of energy intake and energy expenditure. Most frequently exhibited through body composition.

11. Definitions Exercise Programming – the development of a plan of action designed to improve one or more components of fitness.

12. Key Questions Why is it important to be physically active? Who should be concerned about being physically active?

13. PHYSICAL ACTIVITY FUNDAMENTAL TO PREVENTING DISEASE Important for the health and well being of people of all ages. Virtually all individuals can benefit from regular physical activity, whether they participate in vigorous exercise or some type of moderate health-enhancing physical activity. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services

14. PHYSICAL ACTIVITY FUNDAMENTAL TO PREVENTING DISEASE Even among frail and very old adults, mobility and functioning can be improved through physical activity. Physical fitness should be a priority for Americans (people) of all ages. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services

15. Shape of the Nation Physical Activity in America

16. Conflicting Data There are more health clubs today than at any time in history. There are more people exercising at health clubs than at any time in history.

17. Confusion Why then, do we hear so much about people being physically inactive and out of shape?

18. Overview Physical inactivity, chronic disease, and obesity have increased significantly in the United States over the last 40 years. They are all closely interrelated.

19. Low High 70% 16% 14%

20. Why? Physical activity has changed from a necessary behavior (something that could not be avoided) to a voluntary behavior (something that could be avoided).

21. How? In the past, physical activity was a necessity in our society. We had to be active in work and transportation.

22. 1900’s Transportation Walking, cycling, horse riding Work Manual physical labor - farming Activities of Daily Living (ADL) Few labor saving devices

23. 1950’s

24. Major Change Technology Automated transportation We drive everywhere Labor saving devices at work and home Sedentary occupations Sedentary recreation/entertainment Screen time

25. Today Instant gratification Rewarded for doing nothing

26. Amish Study (2004) Old Order Amish surveyed are six times more active than average adults Only Four Percent Obese

27. Amish Study (2004) The Amish were able to show us just how far we’ve fallen in the last 150 years or so in terms of the amount of physical activity we typically perform. Their lifestyle indicates that physical activity played a critical role in keeping our ancestors fit and healthy

28. Problem? Physical activity is no longer a necessity. We don’t need to be physical to get by. If we wish to be physically active, it must occur on a voluntary basis.

29. Typical American

31. Engineering PA Out of Our Lives

32. Confusion Why then, do we hear so much about people being physically inactive? People are active, but not enough to make up for the lost activity from work and transportation.

33. Key Questions How inactive are we?

34. Activity Levels Only one in three children are physically active every day. Less than 5% of adults participate in 30 minutes of physical activity each day; only one in three adults receive the recommended amount of physical activity each week. Only 35 – 44% of adults 75 years or older are physically active, and 28-34% of adults ages 65-74 are physically active. President's Council on Fitness, Sports & Nutrition

35. Activity Levels More than 80% of adults do not meet the guidelines for both aerobic and muscle-strengthening activities, and more than 80% of adolescents do not do enough aerobic physical activity to meet the guidelines for youth.

36. Activity Levels In 2013, research found adults in the following states to be most likely to report exercising 3 or more days a week for at least 30 minutes: Vermont (65.3%), Hawaii (62.2%), Montana (60.1%), Alaska (60.1%). The least likely were Delaware (46.5%), West Virginia (47.1%) and Alabama (47.5%).

37. Activity Levels The national average for regular exercise is 51.6%. Children now spend more than seven and a half hours a day in front of a screen (e.g., TV, videogames, computer). Nationwide, 25.6% of persons with a disability reported being physically inactive during a usual week, compared to 12.8% of those without a disability.

38. Activity Levels Only about one in five homes have parks within a half-mile, and about the same number have a fitness or recreation center within that distance. Only 6 states (Illinois, Hawaii, Massachusetts, Mississippi, New York and Vermont) require physical education in every grade, K-12.

39. Activity Levels 28.0% of Americans, or 80.2 million people, aged six and older are physically inactive. Nearly one-third of high school students play video or computer games for 3 or more hours on an average school day.

40. PHYSICAL ACTIVITY FUNDAMENTAL TO PREVENTING DISEASE Despite the well-known benefits of physical activity, most adults and many children lead a relatively sedentary lifestyle and are not active enough to achieve these health benefits. A sedentary lifestyle is defined as engaging in no leisure-time physical activity (exercises, sports, physically active hobbies) in a two-week period. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services

41. Participation Rates 2008 Less than half (48%) of all adults meet the 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines.2008 Physical Activity Guidelines Less than 3 in 10 high school students get at least 60 minutes of physical activity every day. Physical activity can improve health.improve health People who are physically active tend to live longer and have lower risk for heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes, depression, and some cancers. Physical activity can also help with weight control, and may improve academic achievement in students. Inactive adults have a higher risk for early death, heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes, depression, and some cancers.

42. 2012/2008 More non-Hispanic white adults (22.8%) meet the 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for aerobic and muscle-strengthening activity than non-Hispanic black adults (17.3%) and Hispanic adults (14.4%). Men (52.1%) are more likely than women (42.6%) to meet the 2008 Physical Activity Guideline for aerobic activity. Younger adults are more likely to meet the 2008 Physical Activity Guideline for aerobic activity than older adults.

43. 2014 Data http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nhis/early release/earlyrelease201506_07.pdf

44. Economic Status Adults with more education are more likely to meet the 2008 Physical Activity Guideline for aerobic activity than adults with less education. Adults whose family income is above the poverty level are more likely to meet the 2008 Physical Activity Guideline for aerobic activity than adults whose family income is at or near the poverty level.

45. PHYSICAL INACTIVITY Physical activity declines dramatically over the course of adolescence, and girls are significantly less likely than boys to participate regularly in vigorous physical activity. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services

46. Key Points Inactivity increases with age more common among women than men more common among those with lower income and less education

47. Key Points ~50% young people aged 12-21 are not vigorously active on a regular basis. Physical activity declines dramatically with age during adolescence.

48. Key Points Female adolescents are much less physically active than male adolescents. The percentage of young people who are overfat has more than doubled in the past 40 years.

49. Key Points Low levels of activity contribute to the high prevalence of obesity among children in the U.S.

50. Key Points <25% of children get 20 minutes of vigorous activity every day of the week. <24% reported getting at least ½ hour of any type of physical activity every day.

51. Key Points Physical activity peaks in 9 th grade at 11 hours per week as the median, and then begins a steady decline that is likely to continue into the adult years.

52. Key Points In all grade levels, girls get significantly less activity than boys, yet three- quarters of the girls surveyed felt they get enough exercise.

53. Key Points ~25% of children do not get any physical education in school.

54. Key Points Only 19 percent of all high school students are physically active for 20 minutes or more in physical education classes every day during the school week.

55. 2011 Youth Risk Behavior Survey ■ 48% of students did not attend physical education classes in an average week when they were in school.

56. 2011 Youth Risk Behavior Survey ■ 69% of students did not attend physical education classes daily when they were in school.

57. Schools In response to difficult economic times, schools take a short term cost savings approach by eliminating or reducing physical education and in return contribute to the increasing levels of sedentary children and adults, the obesity epidemic, and the coming health care disaster.

58. Schools It can be said that our schools are turning out D.U.M.B. students, i.e., students who Don’t Undertake Movement Behaviors.

59. Learn from the Past “Nations have passed away and left no traces, and history gives the naked causes of it--One single, simple reason in all cases; They fell because their peoples were not fit." - Rudyard Kipling

60. Effecting Change Role Model (think globally – act locally) Start with Yourself Immediate Family and Friends Community Awareness and Involvement Demand Accountability Political Action Register to Vote Vote

61. $ Health Literacy It’s the Risk Factors Volume & Type of Sickness Financial Burden of Sickcare (i.e.: R x, Hospitalizations, Cost of Procedures, etc.) Heart Disease, Diabetes, Obesity, Cancer, & Asthma Inactivity & Diet Knowledge/Skills & Rehearsal of K/S Pre K - 12 What’s the Real Issue?