1. Chapter 4 Eukaryotic Cell

3. Cilia – filamentous structures on the surface of the cell. They are short and numerous. Flagella – filamentous structures. They are long and few. Help the cell to move Cell walls Plant cells have cellulose cell wall. Fungi have chitin cell wall.

4. Animal cells have no cell walls. They have glycocalyx (sugar coat) made up of carbohydrates. Protects the cell. Plasma membrane – proteins, lipids and carbohydrates. Encloses the cytoplasm. Cytoplasm – cytoskeleton Microfilaments, microtubules, intermediate filaments.

5. Cytoskeleton is involved in cytoplasmic streaming. Cytoplasm circulates within the cell such that the nutrients are distributed throughout the cell.

6. DNA – packaged into nucleosomes Segments of DNA are wrapped around Histone proteins.

8. lipids proteins

9. Ribosomes Free in the cytoplasm Show up as dots in a micrograph. Made up of two subunits. Each subunit is made up of proteins and ribosomal RNA. Eukaryotic cell has 80s ribosomes. Larger and denser than prokarytoic ribosomes.

10. Proteins and lipids made in the ER Transported to golgi Modified - lipid added to protein – lipoprotein Transported to other parts of the cell

11. Power house – cellular respiration DNA 70S ribosomes

12. Photosynthesis DNA 70S ribosomes Chlorophyll

14. Lysosomes Membrane bound vesicles Membrane bags filled with digestive enzymes. White blood cells have a large number of lysosomes. These cells specialize in destroying microbes.

15. Vacuole – cavity surrounded by a membrane. Plant cells have large water vacuoles. Leaves and stems more rigid.

17. Centrioles – cylindrical Made up of proteins Flagella and cilia grow out of centriole