1. A comparative approach to the study of child friendly environments. The perspectives of children, mothers, the elderly and professionals in two Italian territorial contexts Pacilli, M.G., Prezza M. Iaps 2004 Vien, 9-10- 2004

2. Research aim To contribute to a greater understanding of the concept of child friendliness (c.f.) Enviromental child friendliness is an important indicator of the quality of children’s life because

3. Environmental Child friendliness (e.c.f.): a framework Horelli (2003) has presented a framework to define e.c.f.: It is covered by a set of 10 normative dimensions Person-environment fit/ Collective environment fit Collaborative planning Significant criteria Scope Context of application

4. The study: the two contexts Nettuno Coastal town (40.000 people) in central Italy Several green areas Low level buildings (2 or 3 storeys high) Caserta Town of 75.000 people in southern Italy Two neighborhoods selected (18.000 people) No green areas/heavy traffic/poor facilities In 2003 it was in the group of the last 30 cities for quality of life in Italy

5. Participants 236 totally divided as follows: 80 children (8-12 years) their mothers 40 elderly people (65- 75 years) 36 professional who work with children Each participant had been leaving or working in the town for at least 5 years Nettu.Case. Girls20 Boys20 Mothers40 Elderly20 Professional2016 Total120116

6. Instruments With children : An interview with 3 questions about positive, negative and desired aspects of their neighborhood; a schedule in which they were asked to think up to 10 cfc characteristics With mothers/elderly/pro- fessional: An interview with 4 questions referred to the children situation in their neighborhood a schedule in which they were asked to think of up to 10 cfc characteristics

7. Research questions Finding out: 1)what elements the interviewed children considered as characteristics of a child friendly city (cfc); 2) what aspects all the participants considered the most important in a cfc 3)if there are any differences in the characteristics of a cfc given by all the participants according to their role and experience within the community

8. Data analysis We used a mixed procedure of qualitative analysis and a more quantitative approach. 18 categories were created for the characteristics given 16 categories were created for the motivations given The analysis was carried out on the first three characteristics indicated

9. Results: Percentages of the first five characteristics more frequent in the children

10. Children Nettuno % Caserta % Services67.585.0 Green areas52.545.0 Urban care27.57.5 Ideal city2.532.5 Traffic202.0 Public spaces2.0 Sensorial qualities10.02.0 Charac. Built environment10.02.0 Morphologic aspect2.00 Relationship with animals5.0 Social climate7.52.5 Peer contact7.50 Institutions2.50 Peacefulness02.5 Autonomy02.5 Participation2.50

11. Results: Percentages of the first five motivations more frequent in the children

12. Children Nettuno % Caserta % Play77.525 Desire/pleasure20.057.5 Cheerful environment15.030.0 Exercise and sport10.027.5 Autonomy5.032.5 Health22.57.5 Security and control17.512.5 Making good structures defic.17.510.0 Respect things and environment12.510.0 Being together10.0 Free use of structures12.55.0 Solidarity10.00 Getting to know the town5.00 Children’s decision making power2.50 Child friendly areas2.5 Respect for people02.5

13. Results: Percentages of the first five characteristics more frequent in all the participants

14. All participants Nettuno % Caserta % Services58.362.9 Green areas52.558.6 Public spaces21.722.41 Charac. Built environment15.8326.7 Urban care23.38.62 Traffic25.013.79 Ideal city5.018.10 Sensorial qualities8.3312.93 Social climate9.179.48 Peacefulness11.76.89 Institutions5.86.03 Relationship with animals11.74.3 Morphologic aspect6.70 Peer contact6.70 Autonomy1.71.72 Participation1.70

15. Results: Percentages of the first five motivations more frequent in all the participants

16. All participants Nettuno %Caserta % Play71.6716.38 Security and control33.325 Cheerful environment1532.76 Desire/pleasure9.1734.48 Exercise and sport20.820.69 Autonomy4.1726.72 Physical-cultural growth8.3320.69 Health23.3320.69 Respect things and environment16.6710.34 Making good structures defic.206.9 Being together13.3311.21 Child friendly areas3.3312.07 Free use of structures7.53.44 Respect for people0.834.31 Solidarity4.170.86 Getting to know the town2.50.86 Children’s decision making power1.70

17. All participants ChildrenMothersElderlyProfess. Services76.2555.062.536.11 Green areas48.7565.055.050.0 Public spaces12.521.2527.538.89 Charac. Built environment11.2546.255.033.33 Traffic16.2525.017.516.67 Urban care17.512.515.022.22 Ideal city17.510.05.07.69 Sensorial qualities11.258.757.516.67 Social climate5.06.2517.516.67 Peacefulness1.2510.020.013.89 Institutions1.255.07.516.67 Relationship with animals5.03.752.52.78 Morphologic aspect6.252.5 0 Peer contact3.752.5 5.55 Autonomy1.253.7500 Participation1.25002.78

18. All participants ChildrenMothersElderlyProfess. Play51.2547.535.033.33 Security and control1538.7532.536.11 Cheerful environment22.527.510.033.3 Desire/pleasure38.7510.022.58.33 Exercise and sport18.7523.7520.019.44 Autonomy18.7513.7512.513.89 Physical-cultural growth022.510.033.33 Health15.026.2525.0 Respect things and environment11.2516.2512.513.89 Making good structures defic.13.7516.2520.00 Being together10.011.2515.016.67 Child friendly areas2.56.2515.013.89 Free use of structures8.752.55.05.55 Respect for people1.25 10.00 Getting to know the town2.50 2.78 Children’s decision making power1.25002.78

19. Conclusions (1) Characteristics not linked to the territorial context Representation of a c.f. environment Positive characteristics (What I WOULD like to have..) Negative characteristics (What I WOULDN’T like to have..) Characteris. linked to the territorial context Deficiencies felt in the territory More problematics aspects felt in the territory

20. Elements that fill the gap between children’s own needs and environment capability to satisfy those needs Representation of a child friendly environment in children is constituted by: Strongly territorial contex sensitive Conclusions (2)

21. General representation of childhood and its needs Own personal needs Personal/ Professional role respect to children Personal needs/ Personal experience Representation of a child friendly environment in adult is affected by : Strongly territorial context sensitive Scarcely territorial context sensitive Comparison between the past and the present

22. Conclusions (4) The Person-Environment fit as a significant criterion for the comprehension of the representation of the child friendly environment