1. C H A P T E R Union Membership and Collective Bargaining 11

2. © 2003 South-Western 2 Membership in Five Labor Organizations, 1955–1999 Figure 11.1 NOTE:UAW: United Automobile Workers IBEW: International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers AFSCME: American Federation of State, County, and Municipal Employees AFT: American Federation of Teachers IAFF: International Association of Fire Fighters SOURCE: Bureau of National Affairs, Directory of U.S. Labor Organizations (Washington, D.C.: BNA, various years).

3. © 2003 South-Western 3 The Demand Curve for Union Services Figure 11.2

4. © 2003 South-Western 4 The Supply Curve of Union Services Figure 11.3

5. © 2003 South-Western 5 The Equilibrium Level of Union Membership Figure 11.4

6. © 2003 South-Western 6 Total Union Membership and Membership as a Percentage of Employment, 1930–2001 Figure 11.5 NOTE: Figures exclude Canadian membership. Percentage of nonagricultural employment, 1930–1976; percentage of total wage and salary employment, 1977–2001. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Handbook of Labor Statistics (December 1980), Table 165; Eva E. Jacobs, ed., Handbook of U.S. Labor Statistics (Lanham, Md.: Bernan Press, 1998), p. 321; Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment and Earnings (January 2002).

7. © 2003 South-Western 7 The Time Path of Wage Demands in a Labor Negotiation Figure 11.6 SOURCE: Based on Gary A. Hall and William R. Schriver, “Bluffing in the Bargaining Process: An Empirical Test,” Proceedings of the Thirtieth Annual Meeting (Madison, Wis.: IRRA, 1977): 286–93.

8. © 2003 South-Western 8 The Contract Zone Figure 11.7

9. © 2003 South-Western 9 Employer and Union Reaction Functions Figure 11.8

10. © 2003 South-Western 10 Wage Determination in a Union and Nonunion Labor Market Figure 11.9

11. © 2003 South-Western 11 The Occurrence of a Strike Figure 11.10

12. © 2003 South-Western 12 Percentage of Employed Wage and Salary Workers Who are Members of and Are Represented by Industry, Gender, and Race, 2001 Table 11.1 Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment and Earnings (January 2002), Tables 40, 42.

13. © 2003 South-Western 13 Union Membership as a Percentage of All Workers by State, 2001 Figure 11.11 SOURCE: BLS News Release, Table 5.

14. © 2003 South-Western 14 The Effect of a Right-to-Work Law in Union Membership Figure 11.12

15. © 2003 South-Western 15 Pattern of Strike Activity in the United States, 1947–2001 Figure 11.13 SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, ; 2001 number does not include December.

16. © 2003 South-Western 16 An Increase in Strike Activity Due to Inflation Figure 11.14

17. © 2003 South-Western 17 The Monopoly Union Model Wage Outcome Figure 11A.1

18. © 2003 South-Western 18 The Efficient Contract Wage Outcome Figure 11A.2

19. © 2003 South-Western 19 The Preferred Wage of the Median Voter Figure 11A.3

20. © 2003 South-Western 20 Wage Outcomes in the Monopoly, Efficient Contract, and Median Voter Models Figure 11A.4

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