1. Climate and Climate Change Chapter 9

2. Warm Up O Which is more Dense? O Materials: plastic container, warm water, cup, ice water, food coloring O Predict: What will happen to the cold water when it is dropped into the warm water? O Record your Observations O Conclude based on the results

3. Big Idea O What are the major factors that influence a region’s climate?

4. Currents and Climate Chapter 9, Section 2

5. Standards S.6.4.d Students know that convection currents distribute heat in the atmosphere and oceans. S.6.4.e Students know differences in pressure, heat, air movement, and humidity result in changes in weather.

6. Key Questions What kinds of questions can you ask based on looking at this picture?

7. Key Questions What kinds of questions can you ask based on looking at this picture?

8. Key Questions What kinds of questions can you ask based on looking at this picture?

9. Key Questions O SWBAT know what causes surface currents and deep currents, and what effects they have. O SWBAT describe El Niño and La Niña. O SWBAT explain how upwelling affects the distribution of nutrients in the ocean.

10. El Niño Warm surface water from the western Pacific moves east toward the coast of South America

11. La Niña Surface waters in the eastern Pacific Ocean are colder than normal

12. Salinity The total amount of dissolved salts in a water sample

13. Upwelling Movement of cold water upward from the deep ocean

14. Surface Currents Surface currents, which affect water to a depth of several hundred meters, are driven mainly by:

15. Surface Currents Surface currents, which affect water to a depth of several hundred meters, are driven mainly by: winds

16. Surface Currents Surface currents, which affect water to a depth of several hundred meters, are driven mainly by: winds What similarities do you notice between the wind patterns and ocean current patterns?

17. El Niño and La Niña El NiñoLa Niña What? When? Why? Where? What happens?

18. El Niño and La Niña El NiñoLa Niña What? Warm-water event When? Why? Where? What happens?

19. El Niño and La Niña El NiñoLa Niña What? Warm-water event Cold-water event When? Why? Where? What happens?

20. El Niño and La Niña El NiñoLa Niña What? Warm-water event Cold-water event When? Every 2-7 years Why? Where? What happens?

21. El Niño and La Niña El NiñoLa Niña What? Warm-water event Cold-water event When? Every 2-7 years - - - - - - - - - - - Why? Where? What happens?

22. El Niño and La Niña El NiñoLa Niña What? Warm-water event Cold-water event When? Every 2-7 years - - - - - - - - - - - Why? Change in winds and warmer than normal surface water Where? What happens?

23. El Niño and La Niña El NiñoLa Niña What? Warm-water event Cold-water event When? Every 2-7 years - - - - - - - - - - - Why? Change in winds and warmer than normal surface water Cooler than normal ocean surface water Where? What happens?

24. El Niño and La Niña El NiñoLa Niña What? Warm-water event Cold-water event When? Every 2-7 years - - - - - - - - - - - Why? Change in winds and warmer than normal surface water Cooler than normal ocean surface water Where? Pacific Ocean What happens?

25. El Niño and La Niña El NiñoLa Niña What? Warm-water event Cold-water event When? Every 2-7 years - - - - - - - - - - - Why? Change in winds and warmer than normal surface water Cooler than normal ocean surface water Where? Pacific Ocean What happens?

26. El Niño and La Niña El NiñoLa Niña What? Warm-water event Cold-water event When? Every 2-7 years - - - - - - - - - - - Why? Change in winds and warmer than normal surface water Cooler than normal ocean surface water Where? Pacific Ocean What happens? -Heavy rains in places -drought in other places

27. El Niño and La Niña El NiñoLa Niña What? Warm-water event Cold-water event When? Every 2-7 years - - - - - - - - - - - Why? Change in winds and warmer than normal surface water Cooler than normal ocean surface water Where? Pacific Ocean What happens? -Heavy rains in places -drought in other places -more Atlantic hurricanes -more precipitation in US northwest

28. Deep Currents Deep currents are caused by differences in the density of ocean water.

29. Deep Currents Deep currents are caused by differences in the density of ocean water. Deep currents move and mix water around the world.

30. Upwelling Upwelling brings up tiny ocean organisms, minerals, and other nutrients from the deeper layers of the water.

31. Key Questions O What causes surface currents and deep currents, and what effects do they have?

32. Key Questions O What causes surface currents and deep currents, and what effects do they have? O Surface currents, which affect water to a depth of several hundred meters, are driven mainly by winds.

33. Key Questions O What causes surface currents and deep currents, and what effects do they have? O Surface currents, which affect water to a depth of several hundred meters, are driven mainly by winds. O What are El Niño and La Niña?

34. Key Questions O What causes surface currents and deep currents, and what effects do they have? O Surface currents, which affect water to a depth of several hundred meters, are driven mainly by winds. O What are El Niño and La Niña? O El Niño and La Niña are short-term changes in the tropical Pacific Ocean caused by changes in ocean surface currents and prevailing winds.

35. Key Questions O What causes surface currents and deep currents, and what effects do they have? O Surface currents, which affect water to a depth of several hundred meters, are driven mainly by winds. O What are El Niño and La Niña? O El Niño and La Niña are short-term changes in the tropical Pacific Ocean caused by changes in ocean surface currents and prevailing winds. O How does upwelling affect the distribution of nutrients in the ocean?

36. Key Questions O What causes surface currents and deep currents, and what effects do they have? O Surface currents, which affect water to a depth of several hundred meters, are driven mainly by winds. O What are El Niño and La Niña? O El Niño and La Niña are short-term changes in the tropical Pacific Ocean caused by changes in ocean surface currents and prevailing winds. O How does upwelling affect the distribution of nutrients in the ocean? O Upwelling brings up tiny ocean organisms, minerals, and other nutrients from the deeper layers of the water.

37. Homework O Workbook Chapter 9 Section 2, pg 179 - 183